biologia plantarum

International journal on Plant Life established by Bohumil Němec in 1959

Biologia plantarum 49:321-331, 2005 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-005-0001-1

Target sites of aluminum phytotoxicity

S. J. Zheng1,*, J. L. Yang1
1 College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China

The primary phytotoxic effect of aluminum (Al) is confined to the root apex. It is a matter of debate whether the primary injury of Al toxicity is apoplastic or symplastic. This review paper summarizes our current understanding of the spatial and metabolic sites of Al phytotoxicity. At tissue level, the meristematic, distal transition, and apical elongation zones of the root apex are most sensitive to Al. At cellular and molecular level, many cell components are implicated in Al toxicity including DNA in nucleus, numerous cytoplastic compounds, the plasma membrane, and the cell wall. Although it is difficult to distinguish the primary targets from the secondary effects so far, understanding of the target sites of Al toxicity is helpful for elucidating the mechanisms by which Al exerts its deleterious effects on root growth.

Keywords: acid soil; apoplast; callose; calmodulin; cell wall; cytoskeleton; nucleus; plasma membrane; root; symplast
Subjects: aluminium, phytotoxicity; apoplast, aluminium; calcium, calmodulin, aluminium; callose, aluminium; calmodulin; cell wall; cytoskeleton, aluminium; lipid peroxidation; membrane potential, aluminium; nucleus, aluminium; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate; plasma membrane, aluminium; reactive oxygen species (ROS); root, apex, aluminium; symplast, aluminium

Received: February 23, 2004; Accepted: January 20, 2005; Published: September 1, 2005  Show citation

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Zheng, S.J., & Yang, J.L. (2005). Target sites of aluminum phytotoxicity. Biologia plantarum, 49(3), 321-331. doi: 10.1007/s10535-005-0001-1
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