biologia plantarum

International journal on Plant Life established by Bohumil Němec in 1959

Biologia plantarum 53:707-710, 2009 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-009-0127-7

Role of phytohormones and nitrogen in somatic embryogenesis induction in cell culture derived from leaflets of Azadirachta indica

G. S. Shekhawat1,*, S. Mathur2, A. Batra3
1 Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali, India
2 Department of Botany, Government Post Graduate College, Kot Putli, India
3 Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India

A protocol for somatic embryogenesis in Azadirachta indica A Juss. has been standardized using in vivo leaflets. Experiments were carried out to examine the effect of various auxins, cytokinins, sucrose, inorganic and organic salts on subsequent somatic embryo induction and maturation. Embryogenic calli were induced on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.5 mg dm-3 kinetin and 1.5 mg dm-3 indole-3-acetic acid and subsequently all the stages of somatic embryo development (globular, cordate, torpedo and cotyledonary) were observed. Maturation of these embryos was accomplished with the same growth regulators after three subcultures. The histological study of somatic embryos showed resembles to zygotic embryos. The matured somatic embryos were transferred onto half strength MS-medium devoid of growth regulators for their germination (82 %). Plantlets were acclimatized in the field with a survival rate of 80-83.5 %.

Keywords: indole-3-acetic acid; kinetin; KNO3; neem
Subjects: auxins; Azadirachta indica; cytokinins; in vitro culture, somatic embryogenesis; nitrogen supply; sucrose

Received: January 16, 2007; Accepted: September 21, 2008; Published: December 1, 2009  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Shekhawat, G.S., Mathur, S., & Batra, A. (2009). Role of phytohormones and nitrogen in somatic embryogenesis induction in cell culture derived from leaflets of Azadirachta indica. Biologia plantarum, 53(4), 707-710. doi: 10.1007/s10535-009-0127-7
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Akula, C., Akula, A., Drew, R.: Somatic embryogenesis in clonal neem, Azadirachta indica A juss and analysis for in vitro azadirachtin production. - In Vitro cell. dev. Biol. Plant 39: 304-310, 2003. Go to original source...
    2. Arora, D.K., Suri, S.S., Ramawat, K.G., Merillan, J.M.: Factors affecting somatic embryogenesis in long term callus cultures of 'safed musli' (Chlorophytum orivilianum), an endangered wonder herb. - Indian J. exp. Biol. 37: 75-82, 1999.
    3. Chengalrayan, K., Sathaya, S.S., Hazra, S.: Somatic embryogenesis from mature embryo-derived leaflets of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). - Plant Cell Rep. 13: 578, 1994. Go to original source...
    4. Cuenca, B., San-Jose, M.C., Martinez, M.T., Ballester, A., Vieitez, A.M.: Somatic embryogenesis from stem and leaf explant of Quercus robur L. - Plant Cell Rep. 18: 538-543, 1999. Go to original source...
    5. Eapen, S., George, L.: Somatic embryogenesis in peanut: influence of growth regulators and sugars. - Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 35: 151-156, 1993. Go to original source...
    6. Emons, A.M.C., Droppers, A.S., Toorn, C.V.D.: The influence of sucrose, mannitol, L-proline, abscisic acid and gibbrellic acid on the maturation of somatic embryos of Zea mays L. from suspension culture. - J. Plant Physiol. 142: 597-604, 1993. Go to original source...
    7. Ganesh Kumari, K., Ganesan, M., Jayabalan, N.: Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in Ricinus communis. - Biol. Plant. 52: 17-25, 2008. Go to original source...
    8. Garin, E., Grenier, E., March, G.G.: Direct somatic embryogenesis in wild cherry (Prunus avium). - Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 48: 83-91, 1997. Go to original source...
    9. Martin, G.G., González-Benito, M.E., Manzanera, J.A.: Quercus suber L. somatic embryo germination and plant conversion: pretreatments and germination conditions. - In vitro cell. dev. Biol. Plant 37: 190-198, 2001. Go to original source...
    10. Mathur, S., Shekhawat, G.S., Batra, A.: Somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration from cotyledon explants of Salvadora persica L. - Phytomorphology 58: 57-63, 2008.
    11. Murashige, T., Skoog, F.: A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassay with tobacco tissue cultures. - Physiol. Plant. 15: 473-497, 1962. Go to original source...
    12. Murthy, B.N.S., Saxena, P.K.: Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss). - Plant Cell Rep. 17: 469-475, 1998. Go to original source...
    13. Rout, G.R., Debata, B.K., Das, P.: Somatic embryogenesis in callus culture of Rosa hybrida L. cv. 'Landora' - Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 27: 65-69, 1991. Go to original source...
    14. Satdive, R.K., Fulzele, D.P., Eapen, S.: Biotechnology of neem: Azadirachta indica A Juss. - In: Khan, I.A., Khanum, A. (ed.). Role of Biotechnology in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Vol. IV. Pp. 168-181. Ukaaz Publication, Hyderabad 2001.
    15. Shekhawat, G.S., Batra, A., Mathur S.: A reliable in vitro protocol for rapid mass propagation of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. - J. Plant Biol. 29: 109-112, 2002.
    16. Srivastava, P., Singh, M., Mathur, R., Chaturvedi, R.: In vitro organogenesis and plant regeneration from unpollinated ovary cultures of Azadirachta indica. - Biol. Plant. 53: 360-364, 2009. Go to original source...
    17. Su, W.W., Hwang, W.L., Kim, S.Y., Sangawa, Y.: Induction of somatic embryogenesis in Azadirachta indica. A. Juss. - Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 50: 91-95, 1997. Go to original source...
    18. Terzi, M., Loschiavo, F.: Somatic embryogenesis. - In: Bhojwani, S.S.: Plant Tissue Culture, Applications and Limitations. Pp. 54-66. Elsevier, Amsterdam 1990. Go to original source...
    19. Thengane, S., Joshi, M., Mascarenhas, A.F.: Somatic embryogenesis in neem (Azadirachta indica. A Juss). - In: Jain, S. M., Gupta, P.K., Newton, R.J. (ed.): Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants. Vol. 2. Angiosperms. Pp. 357-374. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht 1995. Go to original source...
    20. Tiwari, D.W.: Monograph on Neem (Azadirachta indica. A.Juss.). - International Book Distributors, Deharadun 1992.
    21. Vijaya Kumar, J., Ranjitha Kumari, B.D., Castaño, E.: Cyclic somatic embryogenesis and efficient plant regeneration from callus of safflower. - Biol. Plant. 52: 429-436, 2008. Go to original source...
    22. Wilhelm, E.: Somatic embryogenesis in oak Quercus sps. - In Vitro cell. dev. Biol. Plant 36: 349-357, 2000. Go to original source...
    23. Yang, X.M., An, L.Z., Xiong, Y.C., Zhang, J.P., Li, Y., Xu, S.J.: Somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos and monitoring genetic fidelity of regenerated plants in grapevine. - Biol. Plant. 52: 209-214, 2008. Go to original source...

    Return to the content