The -11377C > G Adiponectin Gene Polymorphism Alters the Adiponectin Concentration and the Susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes in Thais

The aims of this study were first to detect the levels of adiponectin, insulin, albumin, glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lipids, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and anthropometric variables in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as well as healthy control groups, and to determine whether two adiponectin gene polymorphisms, at the position -11377C > G as well as +45T > G, are associated with serum levels of adiponectin and other variables; then to search for the association between these two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the adiponectin gene and T2DM. We investigated 93 T2DM patients and 90 healthy volunteers. Compared with the healthy control group, the T2DM group had significantly lower adiponectin levels. Waist circumference, total cholesterol, ALT, glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR scores were significantly higher in the T2DM group than in the control group. The polymorphism of the adiponectin gene at position -11377C > G among type 2 diabetes subjects showed that the adiponectin concentration was significantly lower in CG/GG genotypes (6.2 μg/mL) than the CC genotype (7.8 μg/mL), whereas SNP +45T > G was not associated with adiponectin levels. Adiponectin gene polymorphisms at position -11377C > G and +45T > G were significantly more frequent in type 2 diabetes patients than in the control group (p = 0.022; p = 0.045, respectively). However, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the strong impact on T2DM was found for -11377C > G gene polymorphism (p = 0.023) and waist circumference (p < 0.001). Therefore, the single nucleotide polymorphism of -11377C > G in adiponectin promoter region has impact on the lower adiponectin concentrations, and may influence susceptibility to T2DM in Thais.