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Übersichtsarbeiten/Overview articles

Nicht-suizidales selbstverletzendes Verhalten (NSSV) und Suizidale Verhaltensstörung (SVS) im DSM-5

Published Online:October 21, 2014https://doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000319

Abstract

Nicht-suizidales selbstverletzendes Verhalten (NSSV) und die Suizidale Verhaltensstörung (SVS) wurden in der 5. Auflage des «Diagnostic and Statistical Manual» (DSM-5) der amerikanischen psychiatrischen Gesellschaft (APA) in der «Sektion 3» erstmals als diagnostische Kategorien aufgenommen. Damit werden diese beiden Störungsbilder zwar nicht als formale Diagnosen im neuen Klassifikationssystem anerkannt, jedoch erstmals eindeutig im Rahmen eines Klassifikationssystems definiert. Dies soll weitere Forschungsarbeiten in diesem Bereich in Zukunft vereinheitlichen und erleichtern. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt diese beiden neuen Störungsbilder vor und bietet anhand eines selektiven Literaturreviews einen Überblick über die Diskussion über NSSV und SVS als eigenständige Störungsbilder. Erste vorliegende Arbeiten, die auf diese Definitionen zurückgreifen, werden vorgestellt. In Deutschland dürfte die Ein-Jahres Prävalenz von NSSV im Jugendalter ca. 4 % betragen, für SVS ca. 9 %. Es kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass die neuen Definitionen zur besseren Vergleichbarkeit von künftigen Studienergebnissen führen werden.

Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) and Suicidal Behavior Disorder (SBD) were included as diagnostic categories in Section 3 of the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) of the American Psychiatric Association (APA). Thus, these diagnostic entities were not recognized as formal clinical diagnoses, but rather for the first time clearly defined in a classificatory system to standardize further research in this field. This paper introduces both concepts and addresses the discussion about NSSI and suicidal behavior disorder based on a selective review of the literature. First studies using the new definitions are introduced. In Germany the prevalence of NSSI is estimated to lie at about 4 %, of SBD at about 9 %. It can be expected that in the future the new definitions will lead to a better comparability of study outcomes with regards to NSSI and suicidal behavior disorder.

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