Skip to main content
Search
Search
    Quick Search anywhere
    Quick search in Citations
Advanced Search
Skip main navigationClose Drawer MenuOpen Drawer Menu
Previous article
Next article
Originalarbeiten

Temperaments- und Charaktermerkmale jugendlicher Patientinnen mit Anorexia und Bulimia Nervosa

Published Online:September 01, 2006https://doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917.34.2.127

Abstract

Zusammenfassung:Fragestellung: Bei erwachsenen Patientinnen wurden auf der Grundlage des Persönlichkeitsmodells von Robert C. Cloninger konsistente Unterschiede zwischen Anorexia und Bulimia nervosa sowie im Vergleich zu gesunden Populationen gefunden. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde untersucht , ob sich ähnliche Unterschiede bereits bei jugendlichen essgestörten Patientinnen mit kurzer Krankheitsdauer finden lassen. Methodik: 73 konsekutiv erfasste Patientinnen mit Essstörungen im Alter zwischen 12 und 18 Jahren wurden untersucht. Die deutsche Version des Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI 12-18) wurde Patientinnen mit den Diagnosen Anorexia nervosa vom restriktiven Typus (AN-R, n = 29), Anorexia nervosa vom bulimischen Typus (AN-B, n = 16) und Bulimia nervosa (BN, n = 28) vorgelegt. Ergebnisse: Unterschiede in den Temperamentsfaktoren waren am ausgeprägtesten zwischen Patientinnen mit einer AN-R im Vergleich zu Patientinnen mit einer BN, während Patientinnen mit einer AN-B ein zwischen den anderen zwei Störungen liegendes Persönlichkeitsprofil aufwiesen. Patientinnen mit einer BN zeigten ein höheres Ausmaß an Neugierverhalten und ein geringeres Beharrungsvermögen im Vergleich zu Patientinnen mit einer AN-R. Im Kontrast zum restriktiven Typus konnte ein geringeres Ausmaß an Selbstlenkungsfähigkeit bei Patientinnen mit einer BN wie auch mit einer AN-B gefunden werden. Schlussfolgerungen: Die in der Untersuchung gefundenen differentiellen Temperamentsfaktoren in den verschiedenen Subtypen der Essstörungen bei den jugendlichen Patientinnen zeigen ein ähnliches Muster wie bei essgestörten Patientinnen im Erwachsenalter. Dieser Befund stärkt die Vermutung, dass spezifische Persönlichkeitsfaktoren den unterschiedlichen Subtypen der Essstörungen zu Grunde liegen.


Temperament and character profiles of female adolescent patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa

Summary:Objective: Based on the personality model outlined by Robert C. Cloninger, studies in adult patient samples demonstrated that according to distinct personality profiles patients with anorexia nervosa could be differentiated from those with bulimia nervosa, as well as from healthy controls. The current study examines whether these personality-related differences also exist in adolescent patients with eating disorders and a short duration of illness. Method: The sample studied consists of 73 consecutively admitted female patients aged 12 to 18 years, with eating disorders. The German version of the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI) was administered to 29 patients with anorexia nervosa, restricting type (AN-R), to 16 patients with anorexia nervosa, bingeeating/purging type (AN-B), and to 28 patients with bulimia nervosa (BN). Results: Different temperamental factors were most pronounced between AN-R and BN patients, whereas AN-B patients exhibited a personality profile between those of AN-R and BN. BN patients scored higher on Novelty Seeking but lower on Persistence than AN-R patients. In contrast to AN-R patients, both BN and AN-B patients scored lower on Self-Directedness. Conclusions: The current results of differential temperamental dimensions in adolescent patients with eating disorders tended to be similar to findings for adult patients, which strengthens the assumption that distinct personality factors underlie the different subtypes of eating disorders.

Literatur

  • Anderluh, M. B. , Tchanturia, K. , Rabe-Hesketh, S. , Treasure, J. ((2003)). Childhood obsessive-compulsive personality traits in adult women with eating disorders: Defining a broader eating disorder phenotype. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 242– 247 First citation in articleCrossref Medline, Google Scholar

  • Arnow, B. , Sanders, M. J. , Steiner, H. (1999). Premenarcheal versus postmenarcheal anorexia nervosa: A comparative study. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 4, 403– 414 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Brewerton, T. D. , Hand, L. D. , Bishop, E. R. (1993). The Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire in eating disorder patients. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 14, 213– 218 First citation in articleCrossref Medline, Google Scholar

  • Bruch, H. (1983). Der goldene Käfig. Das Rätsel der Magersucht. Frankfurt: Fischer First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Bulik, C. , Sullivan, P. F. , Weltzin, T. E. , Kaye, W. H. (1995). Temperament in eating disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 17, 251– 261 First citation in articleCrossref Medline, Google Scholar

  • Bulik, C. M. , Sullivan, P. F. , Fear, J. L. , Pickering, A. (2000). Outcome of anorexia nervosa: Eating attitudes, personality, and parental bonding. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 28, 139– 147 First citation in articleCrossref Medline, Google Scholar

  • Casper, R. C. , Eckert, E. D. , Halmi, K. A. , Goldberg, S. C. , Davis, J. M. (1980). Bulimia: Its incidence and clinical importance in patients with anorexia nervosa. Archives of General Psychiatry, 37, 1030– 1035 First citation in articleCrossref Medline, Google Scholar

  • Casper, R. C. , Hedeker, D. , McClough, J. F. (1992). Personality dimensions in eating disorders and their relevance for subtyping. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, 830– 840 First citation in articleCrossref Medline, Google Scholar

  • Ciccolo, E. B. , Johnsson, P (2002). Personality and self-concept in subgroups of patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Social Behavior and Personality, 30, 347– 358 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Cloninger, C. R. , Przybeck, T. R. , Svrakic, D. M. , Wetzel, R.D. (1994). The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI): A guide to its development and use. (pp 117-211). St. Louis, MO: Center for Psychobiology of Personality First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Cloninger, C. R. (1999). A new conceptual paradigm from genetics and psychobiology for the science of mental health. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 33, 174, 186– First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Cloninger, C. R. , Svrakic, D. M. , Przybeck, T. R. (1993). A psychobiological model of temperament and character. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, 975– 990 First citation in articleCrossref Medline, Google Scholar

  • Cloninger, C. R. , Svrakic, N. M. , Svrakic, D. M. (1997). Role of personality self-organization in development of mental order and disorder. Developmental Psychopathology, 9, 881– 906 First citation in articleCrossref Medline, Google Scholar

  • Cumella, E. J. , Wall, A. D. , Kerr-Almeida, N. (1999). MMPI-2 in the inpatient assessment of women with eating disorders. Journal of Personality Assessment, 75, 387– 403 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • DaCosta, M. , Halmi, K. A. (1992). Classifications of anorexia nervosa: Question of subtypes. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 11, 395– 313 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Fassino, S. , Abbate-Daga, G. , Amianto, F. , Leombruni, P. , Boggio, S. , Rovera, G. G. (2002a). Temperament and character profile of eating disorders: A controlled study with the Temperament and Character Inventory. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 32, 412– 425 First citation in articleCrossref Medline, Google Scholar

  • Fassino, S. , Abbate Daga, G. , Pierò, A. , Rovera, G. G. (2002b). Dropout from brief psychotherapy in anorexia nervosa. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 71, 200– 206 First citation in articleCrossref Medline, Google Scholar

  • Fischer, M. , Schneider, J. , Burns, H. , Symons, H. , Mandel, F.S. (2001). Treatment of eating disorders in a division of adolescent medicine. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 14, 283– 295 First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Franke, A. (2001). Essstörungen. In: A. Kämmerer & A. Franke (Hrsg.), Klinische Psychologie der Frau - ein Lehrbuch (pp. 355-396). Göttingen: Hogrefe First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Garfinkel, P. E. , Moldofsky, H. , Garner, D. M. (1980). The heterogeneity of anorexia nervosa. Archives of General Psychiatry, 37, 1036– 1040 First citation in articleCrossref Medline, Google Scholar

  • Garner, D. M. , Olmsted, M. P. (1984). The Eating Disorder Inventory Manual. Psychological Assessment Ressources. Odessa: Florida First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Gendall, K. A. , Joyce, P. R. , Sullivan, P. F. , Bulik, C. M. (1998). Personality and dimensions of dietary restraint. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 24, 271– 379 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Goth, K. (2001). Junior Temperament und Charakter Inventar (JTCI-12-18). Unveröffentlichtes Manual. Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universitätsklinik Frankfurt First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Halmi, K. A. , Kleifield, E. I. , Braun, D. L. , Sunday, S. R. (1999). Personality correlates of eating disorder subtypes. In: C.R. Cloninger (Ed.), Personality and Psychopathology (pp 67-82). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Ham, T. van der , Strien, D. C. van , Engeland, H. van. (1998). Personality characteristics predict outcome of eating disorders in adolescents: A 4-year prospective study. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 7, 79– 84 First citation in articleCrossref Medline, Google Scholar

  • Herpertz, S. C. , Saß, H. , Herpertz-Dahlmann, B. (2003). Temperament und Persönlichkeit. In: B. Herpertz-Dahlmann, F. Resch, M. Schulte-Markwort & A. Warnke (Hrsg.), Entwicklungspsychiatrie. Biopsychologische Grundlagen und die Entwicklung psychischer Störungen (pp. 151-162). Stuttgart: Schattauer First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Herpertz-Dahlmann, B. , Müller, B. , Herpertz, S. , Heussen, N. , Hebebrand, J. , Remschmidt, H. (2001). Prospective 10-year follow-up in adolescent anorexia nervosa - Course, outcome, psychiatric comorbidity, and psychosocial adaption. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 42, 603– 612 First citation in articleCrossref Medline, Google Scholar

  • Herzog, T. , Hartmann, A. , Sandholz, A. , Stammer, H. (1991). Prognostic factors in outpatient psychotherapy of bulimia. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 56, 48– 55 First citation in articleCrossref Medline, Google Scholar

  • Keys, A. (1950). The residues of malnutrition and starvation. Science, 112, 371– 373 First citation in articleCrossref Medline, Google Scholar

  • Kleifield, E. I. , Sunday, S. , Hurt, S. , Halmi, K. A. (1994). The effects of depression and treatment on Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire. Biological Psychiatry, 36, 68– 70 First citation in articleCrossref Medline, Google Scholar

  • Klump, K. L. , Bulik, C. M. , Pollice, C. , Halmi, K. A. , Fichter, M. M. , Berrettini, W. H. , Devlin, B. , Strober, M. , Kaplan, A. , Woodside, D. B. , Treasure, J. , Shabbout, M. , Lilenfeld, L. R. , Plotnicov, K. H. , Kaye, W. H. (2000). Temperament and character in women with anorexia nervosa. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 188, 559– 567 First citation in articleCrossref Medline, Google Scholar

  • Klump, K. L. , Strober, M. , Bulik, C. M. , Thornton, L. , Johnson, C. , Devlin, B. , Fichter, M. M. , Halmi, K.A. , Fichter, M. M. , Kaplan, A. S. , Woodside, D. B. , Crow, S. , Mitchell, J. , Rotondo, A. , Keel, P. K. , Berrettini, W. H. , Plotnicov, K. , Lilenfeld, L. R. , Pollice, C. , Kaye, W. H. (2004). Personality characteristics of women before and after recovery from an eating disorder. Psychological Medicine, 3, 1407– 1418 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Pryor, T. , Wiederman, M. W. (199). Use of the MMPI-2 in the outpatient assessment of women with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66, 363– 373 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Remschmidt, H. , Schmidt, M. H. (1994). Multiaxiales Klassifikationsschema für psychische Störungen des Kindes- und Jugendalters nach ICD-10 der WHO. Bern: Huber First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Rathner, G. , Waldherr, K. (1997). Eating Disorder Inventory-2: Eine deutschsprachige Validierung mit Normen für weibliche und männliche Jugendliche. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie, Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, 45, 157– 182 First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Sato, T. , Narita, T. , Hirano, S. , Kusunoki, K. , Goto, M. , Sakado, K. , Uehara, T. (2001). Factor validity of the Temperament and Character Inventory in patients with major depression. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 42, 337– 341 First citation in articleCrossref Medline, Google Scholar

  • Saß, H. , Wittchen, H.-U. , Zaudig, M. (1996). Diagnostisches und Statistisches Manual Psychischer Störungen DSM-IV. Göttingen: Hogrefe First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Schmeck, K. (2001). Die Bedeutung grundlegender Persönlichkeitsmerkmale für das Verständnis von psychischen Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Habilitation, Universität Frankfurt First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • SPSS Inc., (1996). SPSS Real Stas. Real Easy. SM. SPSS 10.0 für Windows, from www.spss.com/germany/ First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Stata Corp., (2003). Stata Statistical Software: Release: 8.0. College Station, TX: Stata Corporation First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Thiel, A. , Paul, T. (1988). Entwicklung einer deutschsprachigen Version des Eating-Disorder-Inventory (EDI). Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 9, 267– 278 First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Vitousek, K. , Manke, F. (1994). Personality variables and disorders in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Personality variables and disorders in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 137– 147 First citation in articleCrossref Medline, Google Scholar

  • Waller, D. A. , Gullion, P. F. , Hardy, B. W. , Murdock, M. V. , Rush, A. J. (1993). Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire and serotonin in bulimia nervosa. Psychiatry Research, 48, First citation in articleCrossref Medline, Google Scholar