The Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and variants of Vitamin D Binding protein gene among Healthy Iranian Adults
Abstract
Abstract.Background: The high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency may be due to both genetic and environment factors. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that vitamin D deficiency may be due to variants of vitamin D binding protein (DBP) among otherwise healthy Iranian adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 265 healthy adults in Tehran. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were assessed. Dietary vitamin D intake was assessed with a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and participant DBP genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reactions – restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: Significant associations were found between vitamin D status and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.001), total cholesterol (P < 0.001), and fasting blood sugar (P < 0.001), after adjustment for confounder factors. This study demonstrated that “rs7041” gene was associated with vitamin D deficiency (OR = 0.63, β ± SE = −0.46 ± 0.14, P < 0.0001). After considering the “GG” genotype of the “rs7041” polymorphism as a reference, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was found to be higher in the individuals with “TT” genotype from the “rs7041” polymorphism. Conclusion: It was found that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was higher in individuals with T allele carriers in the “rs7041” polymorphism.
References
1 (2016) Prevalence of vitamin d deficiency and calcium homeostasis in Saudi Children. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 8(4), 461–467.
2 (2013) Vitamin d – effects on skeletal and extraskeletal health and the need for supplementation. Nutrients. 5(1), 111–48.
3 (2011) Strong association between non alcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld) and low 25(OH) vitamin d levels in an adult population with normal serum liver enzymes. BMC Med. 9, 85.
4 (2015) Vitamin d binding protein genotype is associated with plasma 25OHD concentration in West African children. Bone. 74, 166–70.
5 (2015) Vitamin d time profile based on the contribution of non-genetic and genetic factors in HIV-infected individuals of European ancestry. Antivir Ther. 20(3), 261–9.
6 (2015) Vitamin d receptor ablation and vitamin d deficiency result in reduced grip strength, altered muscle fibers, and increased myostatin in mice. Calcified tissue international. 97(6), 602–610.
7 (2016) Relationship between vitamin d-binding protein polymorphisms and blood vitamin d level in Korean patients with COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 11, 731–8.
8 (2016) Polymorphisms affecting vitamin d-binding protein modify the relationship between serum vitamin d (25[OH]D3) and food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 137(2), 500–506.e4.
9 (2016) Association of vdbp and cyp2r1 gene polymorphisms with vitamin d status in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a north Indian study. Eur J Nutr.
10 (2016) Effects of vitamin d binding protein phenotypes and vitamin d supplementation on serum total 25(OH)D and directly measured free 25(OH)D. Eur J Endocrinol. 174(4), 445–52.
11 (2015) Free 25(OH)D and the vitamin d paradox in African Americans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 100(9), 3356–63.
12 (2015) Vitamin d status and metabolic syndrome in the elderly: the Rotterdam study. Eur J Endocrinol. 172(3), 327–35.
13 (2006) International physical activity questionnaire: validity against fitness. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 38(4), 753–760.
14 (2016) Mediatory effect of circulating vaspin on resting metabolic rate in obese individuals. Eur J Nutr. 55(3), 1297–305.
15 (2013) Dietary intake of vitamin d in a northern Canadian Dene first nation community. Int J Circumpolar Health. 0, 72.
16 (2010) Diagnosis and management of vitamin d deficiency. BMJ. 340(7738), 142–147.
17 (2014) Association between vitamin d status and lipid profile in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 65(4), 404–10.
18 (2017) Randomized control trial assessing impact of increased sunlight exposure versus vitamin d supplementation on lipid profile in Indian vitamin d deficient men. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 21(3), 393–398.
19 (2014) Vitamin d binding protein impact on 25-hydroxyvitamin d levels under different physiologic and pathologic conditions. Int J Endocrinol. 2014, 981581.
20 (2014) Insulin resistance indices are inversely associated with vitamin d binding protein concentrations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 99(1), 178–83.
21 (2017) Vitamin d binding protein rs7041 polymorphism and high-residual platelet reactivity in patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel or ticagrelor. Vascul Pharmacol. 93–95, 42–47.
22 (2017) A direct assay for measuring free 25-hydroxyvitamin d. J AOAC Int.
23 (2017) Vitamin D Binding Protein rs7041 polymorphism and high-residual platelet reactivity in patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel or ticagrelor. Vascul Pharmacol.
24 (2013) Vitamin d-binding protein and vitamin d status of black Americans and white Americans. N Engl J Med. 369(21), 1991–2000.
25 (2017) Common genetic variants are associated with lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d concentrations across the year among children at northern latitudes. Br J Nutr. 117(6), 829–838.
26 (2015) Behind the scenes of vitamin d binding protein: more than vitamin d binding. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 29(5), 773–86.
27 (2015) Clinical aspects of vitamin d-binding protein gene polymorphisms in hemodialysis patients. Pol Arch Med Wewn. 125(1–2), 8–17.
28 (1985) Serum protein binding of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin d: a reevaluation by direct measurement of free metabolite levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 61(5), 969–75.
29 (2014) Vitamin d binding protein genotype is associated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d and pth concentrations, as well as bone health in children and adolescents in Finland. PLoS One. 9(1), e87292.
30 (2012) Accuracy of 6 routine 25-hydroxyvitamin d assays: influence of vitamin d binding protein concentration. Clin Chem. 58(3), 543–8.
