Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Bruxismus, das Knirschen oder Pressen mit den Zähnen, ist in der Bevölkerung häufig. Stress, Angstsyndrome und genetische Disposition scheinen dominante Faktoren zu sein, die zu erhöhter Kaumuskelspannung führen. Es werden zwei zirkadiane Manifestationen unterschieden, der Schlaf- und der Wachbruxismus. Bruxismus stellt einen grossen Risikofaktor für Zahnhartsubstanz und Zahnersatz dar. Die Diagnose erfolgt mittels gezielter Anamnese und Untersuchung. Schlafbruxismus kann mittels Elektromyogramm und Videoaufzeichnung im Schlaflabor nachgewiesen werden. Die Behandlung zielt auf die Schonung der Zahnhartsubstanz und Erhaltung des Zahnersatzes mittels Okklusionsschienen ab. Entspannungsübungen können den Bruxismus vermindern. Spezialisierte Physiotherapie kann die Verspannungen, Schmerzen und Bewegungseinschränkungen verbessern. Botulinumtoxin-Behandlung vermindert die subjektiven Beschwerden während der Wirkungszeit.
Abstract. Bruxism, the grinding or clenching of teeth, is common in the population. Stress, anxiety syndromes and genetic disposition seem to be dominant factors that lead to increased muscle tension. A distinction is made between two circadian manifestations, sleep and wake bruxism. Bruxism is a major risk factor for tooth structure and dentures. The diagnosis is based on a targeted medical history and examination. Sleep bruxism can be demonstrated by electromyography and video recording in the sleep laboratory. The treatment aims to protect the hard tooth substance and preserve the denture using occlusal splints. Relaxation exercises can improve bruxism. Specialized physiotherapy can improve tension, pain and restricted movement. Botulinum toxin treatment reduces the subjective complaints during the period of action.
Résumé. Le bruxisme, le grincement ou le serrement des dents, est courant dans la population. Le stress, les syndromes d’anxiété et la disposition génétique semblent être des facteurs dominants qui entraînent une augmentation de la tension musculaire. Une distinction est faite entre deux manifestations circadiennes, le bruxisme du sommeil et de l’éveil. Le bruxisme est un facteur de risque majeur pour la structure dentaire et les prothèses dentaires. Le diagnostic repose sur des antécédents médicaux et un examen ciblés. Le bruxisme du sommeil peut être démontré par l’électromyogramme et enregistrement vidéo dans le laboratoire du sommeil. Le traitement vise à protéger la substance dentaire dure et à préserver la prothèse à l’aide d’attelles occlusives. Les exercices de relaxation peuvent améliorer le bruxisme. La physiothérapie spécialisée peut améliorer la tension, la douleur et les mouvements restreints. Le traitement à la toxine botulique réduit les plaintes subjectives pendant la période d’action.
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