1887

Abstract

is an obligately intracellular Gram-negative bacterium causing respiratory disease (chlamydiosis) or asymptomatic carriage in birds. is a zoonotic agent causing psittacosis or parrot fever in humans. Vertical and/or horizontal transmission via eggs might have serious repercussions on the infection status of poultry flocks and thus on zoonotic risk for all workers along the poultry supply chain. We therefore studied the presence of in a hatchery. In addition, we examined all ( = 4) employees of the hatchery to evaluate the zoonotic risk. We could not detect on either eggshells or eggshell membranes. However, isolates of different outer-membrane protein A () genotypes were cultured from the air of both turkey (genotypes A and C) and chicken (genotype D) hatching chambers. Zoonotic transmission occurred in all employees and a mixed infection with up to three different genotypes (A, D and C), also found in air samples, was discovered. Diagnostic monitoring and reporting of infections in poultry workers should be promoted. Additionally, an efficient veterinary vaccine and information campaigns on zoonotic risk and preventive measures against transmission would be beneficial to public health.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.030528-0
2011-06-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/60/6/775.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.030528-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Beeckman D. S., Vanrompay D. C. 2009; Zoonotic Chlamydophila psittaci infections from a clinical perspective. Clin Microbiol Infect 15:11–17 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Chahota R., Katoch R. C., Singh S. P., Verma S., Mahajan A. 2000; Concurrent outbreak of chlamydiosis and aflatoxicosis among chickens in Himachal Pradesh, India. Veterinarski Arhiv 70:207–213
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Cox N. A., Berrang M. E., Cason J. A. 2000; Salmonella penetration of egg shells and proliferation in broiler hatching eggs – a review. Poult Sci 79:1571–1574[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Dickx V., Geens T., Deschuyffeleer T., Tyberghien L., Harkinezhad T., Beeckman D. S., Braeckman L., Vanrompay D. 2010; Chlamydophila psittaci zoonotic risk assessment in a chicken and turkey slaughterhouse. J Clin Microbiol 48:3244–3250 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Gaede W., Reckling K. F., Dresenkamp B., Kenklies S., Schubert E., Noack U., Irmscher H. M., Ludwig C., Hotzel H., Sachse K. 2008; Chlamydophila psittaci infections in humans during an outbreak of psittacosis from poultry in Germany. Zoonoses Public Health 55:184–188 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Geens T., Dewitte A., Boon N., Vanrompay D. 2005; Development of a Chlamydophila psittaci species-specific and genotype-specific real-time PCR. Vet Res 36:787–797 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Harkinezhad T., Geens T., Vanrompay D. 2009; Chlamydophila psittaci infections in birds: a review with emphasis on zoonotic consequences. Vet Microbiol 135:68–77 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. HSE (2010). Infection at work: controlling the risks. A guide for employers and the self employed on identifying, assessing and controlling the risks of infection in the workplace. Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens
  9. Laroucau K., de Barbeyrac B., Vorimore F., Clerc M., Bertin C., Harkinezhad T., Verminnen K., Obeniche F., Capek I. et al. 2009a; Chlamydial infections in duck farms associated with human cases of psittacosis in France. Vet Microbiol 135:82–89[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Laroucau K., Vorimore F., Aaziz R., Berndt A., Schubert E., Sachse K. 2009b; Isolation of a new chlamydial agent from infected domestic poultry coincided with cases of atypical pneumonia among slaughterhouse workers in France. Infect Genet Evol 9:1240–1247 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Lublin A., Shudari G., Mechani S., Weisman Y. 1996; Egg transmission of Chlamydia psittaci in turkeys. Vet Rec 139:300[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Mayr A., Bachmann P. A., Bibrack B., Wittmann G. 1974 Virologische Arbeitsmethoden Jena: Gustav Fischer Verlag;
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Sting R., Lerke E., Hotzel H., Jodas S., Popp C., Hafez H. M. 2006; [Comparative studies on detection of Chlamydophila psittaci and Chlamydophila abortus in meat turkey flocks using cell culture, ELISA, and PCR]. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 113:50–54 (in German) [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Van Droogenbroeck C. M., Van Risseghem M., Braeckman L., Vanrompay D. 2009a; Evaluation of bioaerosol sampling techniques for the detection of Chlamydophila psittaci in contaminated air. Vet Microbiol 135:31–37[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Van Droogenbroeck C., Beeckman D. S., Verminnen K., Marien M., Nauwynck H., Boesinghe L. T., Vanrompay D. 2009b; Simultaneous zoonotic transmission of Chlamydophila psittaci genotypes D, F and E/B to a veterinary scientist. Vet Microbiol 135:78–81 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Van Loock M., Geens T., De Smit L., Nauwynck H., Van Empel P., Naylor C., Hafez H. M., Goddeeris B. M., Vanrompay D. 2005a; Key role of Chlamydophila psittaci on Belgian turkey farms in association with other respiratory pathogens. Vet Microbiol 107:91–101 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Van Loock M., Verminnen K., Messmer T. O., Volckaert G., Goddeeris B. M., Vanrompay D. 2005b; Use of a nested PCR-enzyme immunoassay with an internal control to detect Chlamydophila psittaci in turkeys. BMC Infect Dis 5:76 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Vanrompay D., Ducatelle R., Haesebrouck F. 1992; Diagnosis of avian chlamydiosis: specificity of the modified Giménez staining on smears and comparison of the sensitivity of isolation in eggs and three different cell cultures. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 39:105–112[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Vanrompay D., Van Nerom A., Ducatelle R., Haesebrouck F. 1994; Evaluation of five immunoassays for detection of Chlamydia psittaci in cloacal and conjunctival specimens from turkeys. J Clin Microbiol 32:1470–1474[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Vanrompay D., Ducatelle R., Haesebrouck F. 1995a; Chlamydia psittaci infections: a review with emphasis on avian chlamydiosis. Vet Microbiol 45:93–119 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Vanrompay D., Mast J., Ducatelle R., Haesebrouck F., Goddeeris B. 1995b; Chlamydia psittaci in turkeys: pathogenesis of infections in avian serovars A, B and D. Vet Microbiol 47:245–256 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Verminnen K., Van Loock M., Hafez H. M., Ducatelle R., Haesebrouck F., Vanrompay D. 2006; Evaluation of a recombinant enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting Chlamydophila psittaci antibodies in turkey sera. Vet Res 37:623–632 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Verminnen K., Duquenne B., De Keukeleire D., Duim B., Pannekoek Y., Braeckman L., Vanrompay D. 2008; Evaluation of a Chlamydophila psittaci infection diagnostic platform for zoonotic risk assessment. J Clin Microbiol 46:281–285 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Wittenbrink M. M., Mrozek M., Bisping W. 1993; Isolation of Chlamydia psittaci from a chicken egg: evidence of egg transmission. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 40:451–452[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.030528-0
Loading
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.030528-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error