Transcriptome-wide sites of collided ribosomes reveal principles of translational pausing

  1. David Gatfield1
  1. 1Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
  2. 2Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
  • Corresponding author: david.gatfield{at}unil.ch
  • Abstract

    Translation initiation is the major regulatory step defining the rate of protein production from an mRNA. Meanwhile, the impact of nonuniform ribosomal elongation rates is largely unknown. Using a modified ribosome profiling protocol based on footprints from two closely packed ribosomes (disomes), we have mapped ribosomal collisions transcriptome-wide in mouse liver. We uncover that the stacking of an elongating onto a paused ribosome occurs frequently and scales with translation rate, trapping ∼10% of translating ribosomes in the disome state. A distinct class of pause sites is indicative of deterministic pausing signals. Pause site association with specific amino acids, peptide motifs, and nascent polypeptide structure is suggestive of programmed pausing as a widespread mechanism associated with protein folding. Evolutionary conservation at disome sites indicates functional relevance of translational pausing. Collectively, our disome profiling approach allows unique insights into gene regulation occurring at the step of translation elongation.

    Footnotes

    • Received October 3, 2019.
    • Accepted June 29, 2020.

    This article is distributed exclusively by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the first six months after the full-issue publication date (see http://genome.cshlp.org/site/misc/terms.xhtml). After six months, it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International), as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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