mtDNA Variation, Climatic Adaptation, Degenerative Diseases, and Longevity
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Excerpt
The mtDNA encodes 13 polypeptides that are criticalfor mitochondrial energy metabolism. These include 7 ofthe approximately 46 polypeptides of respiratory complex I (ND1, 2, 3, 4L, 4, 5, 6), 1 of the 11 polypeptides ofcomplex III (cytb), 3 of the 13 polypeptides of complexIV (COI, II, III), and 2 of the 17 polypeptides of complexV (ATP6, 8). In addition, the mtDNA encodes the smalland large rRNAs and the 22 tRNAs required for mitochondrial protein synthesis (Fig. 1)...
