The patterns of symmetry breaking in the gauge theories are investigated systematically in the general rotation groups and unitary groups, with Higgs scalars in the various representations up to second-rank tensors. The occurrences of the fermion mass relations and pseudo-Goldstone bosons are also discussed in various cases.

• Received 28 September 1973

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.9.1723