We perform the state-of-the-art tensor network simulations directly in the thermodynamic limit to clarify the critical properties of the $q$-state clock model on the square lattice. We determine accurately the two phase transition temperatures through the singularity of the classical analog of the entanglement entropy, and provide extensive numerical evidences to show that both transitions are of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) type for $q\ge 5$ and that the low-energy physics of this model is well described by the ${\mathbb{Z}}_q$-deformed sine-Gordon theory. We also determine the characteristic conformal parameters, especially the compactification radius, that govern the critical properties of the intermediate BKT phase.

• Received 17 January 2020
• Accepted 2 June 2020

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.101.060105