The linear and nonlinear viscoelastic response of networks of cross-linked and bundled cytoskeletal filaments demonstrates remarkable scaling with both frequency and applied prestress, which helps elucidate the origins of the viscoelasticity. The frequency dependence of the shear modulus reflects the underlying single-filament relaxation dynamics for $0.1–10\mathrm{r}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{d}/\mathrm{s}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{c}$. Moreover, the nonlinear strain stiffening of such networks exhibits a universal form as a function of prestress; this is quantitatively explained by the full force-extension relation of single semiflexible filaments.

• Received 30 December 2003

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.188102