Abstract: Abstract: In this paper, a novel technique of rice layered fertilizer is proposed to solve the clogging of fertilizer pipe and relieve the high labor intensity in different growth stages of rice. According to the requirements of rice growth agronomy and the characteristics of root distribution, the fertilizer needed for the whole growing period was applied into the soil in layers at one time. To provide nutrients for the growth of the rice seedlings, the depth of the shallow fertilization is 30 to 40 mm, and the distance to the rice row is about 50 mm, to supply nutrients for the late growth of the rice, the depth of deep fertilization is 70 to 100 mm, and the deep groove is in the middle of two rice rows. An airflow layered fertilizer system was developed, and the key components of the fertilization system were designed, such as the air-fertilizer mixing device and the layer fertilizer distributor. The air-fertilizer mixing device was designed based on the Venturi principle to mix the fertilizer with the airflow. According to the simulation analysis and test results of SolidWorks, the structural parameters of the airflow fertilizer mixer were optimized, by which the optimum airflow channel height was set to 20 mm. According to the requirement of rice fertilization, a layered fertilizer distributor was designed, and the distribution ratio equation of shallow and deep fertilization was determined. The angle of the adjustment plate was 0° to 30° and the proportion of deep fertilization and total shallow fertilization was 1:1 to 2:1. Then, the single factor test and orthogonal test were carried out on the test platform. The single factor test results showed that the main factors affecting the performance of the system were wind speed, angle of the adjustment plate and fertilization pipe length. Orthogonal experiments were conducted with wind speed, angle of the adjustment plate and fertilizer pipe length as the main factors. The experimental results showed that when the wind speed was 18 m/s, angle of the adjustment plate was 30°, and the fertilization pipe length was 1 000 mm. The designed airflow layered fertilizer system was installed on the 2BDH-10 rice precision direct seeder to conduct field performance tests. The field test results showed that the maximum error of the ratio of two shallow and deep fertilization was 7.76%, the maximum coefficient variation of the shallow layer was 3.98%, the maximum coefficient variation of the deep layer was 4.41%. This work can provide an important reference for the technology of rice airflow layered fertilization.