Sparked by Efron's seminal paper, the decade of the 1980s was a period of active research on bootstrap methods for independent data--mainly i.i.d. or regression set-ups. By contrast, in the 1990s much research was directed towards resampling dependent data, for example, time series and random fields. Consequently, the availability of valid nonparametric inference procedures based on resampling and/or subsampling has freed practitioners from the necessity of resorting to simplifying assumptions such as normality or linearity that may be misleading.