A new glucoside, named gastrodioside, was isolated from the tubers of Gastrodia elata BLUME. (Orchidaceae) and its structure was elucidated as bis (4-hydroxybenzyl)-ether mono-β-D-glucopyranoside (6). 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (1), 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (2), 4-hydroxybenzyl methyl ether (3, possibly an artifact), 4-(4'-hydroxybenzyloxy)benzyl methyl ether (4), bis (4-hydroxybenzyl) ether (5), 4-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy) benzyl alcohol (7) and tris [4-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)benzyl] citrate (parishin, 8) were also isolated. This is the first time that compounds 4 and 5 have been isolated from natural sources.