Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum spp., is an important disease in many Asian countries. Recently, it was found that a local Korean variety, C. annuum ‘Daepoong-cho’, had resistance to C. capsici. Inheritance of resistance to C. capsici was analyzed in segregating populations derived from a cross of ‘Yeoju’ × ‘Daepoong-cho’. An allelism test was carried out in F₁ and F₂ progenies derived from the cross of ‘Daepoong-cho’ × ‘AR’. ‘AR’ is an anthracnose-resistant breeding line derived from C. chinense Jacq. ‘PBC 932’. Detached mature green fruits were inoculated using the microinjection method. Disease response was evaluated using disease incidence, overall lesion diameter, and true lesion diameter at 7 days after inoculation. The segregation ratios of resistance and susceptibility to C. capsici in F₂ and BC_R populations derived from the cross of ‘Yeoju’ × ‘Daepoong-cho’ were fitted to the 1 : 3 and 1 : 1 Mendelian model, respectively. This indicates that the resistance of ‘Daepoong-cho’ to C. capsici is controlled by a single recessive gene. The results of the allelism test indicated that the two resistant lines, ‘Daepoong-cho’ and ‘AR’, possessed the same resistance gene to C. capsici, even though the resistance genes of these two lines originated from different Capsicum species, C. annuum and C. chinense.