Quality of life (QoL) typically improves with a parathyroidectomy (PTx) in cases of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), but the effect of surgery on QoL is not yet fully understood. This study evaluated the impact of PTx on health-related QoL (HRQoL). Patients who underwent PTx for PHPT between January 2016 and December 2019 were asked to complete the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the Primary Hyperparathyroidism Quality of Life (PHPQoL) questionnaire before surgery and 1 year later. A 5-point Likert scale was used: negative responses received a lower score and positive responses scored high. Forty-one of 50 patients completed the questionnaires before and 12 months after the surgery. The median patient age was 64 years (min–max: 32–83 years). In the study group, 33 were female, and 8 were male. The SF-36 results indicated that significant improvements had been observed in all 8 domains a year after surgery, particularly in the physical functioning and role, general health, energy, and mental health scales. The PHPQoL scores also improved significantly after PTx (p < 0.05). The improvement in the physical and mental health components was 50% and 76%, respectively. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that PTx for PHPT improved QoL.