Scincid lizards have probably lost the external ear opening at least 17 times. Based on features of the middle ear, especially the orientation and attachment of the extracolumella and columella, five basic types of ear loss are recognized. These five types are strongly associated with major lineages. Ear loss seems to be associated with both small size and fossorial habits.
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1 December 2002
The Loss of the External Ear Opening in Scincid Lizards
Allen E. Greer
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