Plant Protect. Sci., 2015, 51(2):67-73 | DOI: 10.17221/96/2014-PPS

Changes in virulence frequencies and higher fitness of simple pathotypes in the Czech population of Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei Original Paper

Antonín DREISEITL
Agrotest Fyto Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic

The employment of specific genes, which determine host resistance to avirulent pathotypes of the pathogen, is not recommended for protecting barley against powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei). However, most barley varieties still possess specific resistance genes to this pathogen. The effectiveness of such resistances was determined by assessing virulence frequency using randomly collected Czech population samples of 521 pathogen isolates from the air tested on 29 barley differential varieties over a four-year period. Most virulence frequencies did not show major changes, but the frequencies on the winter cv. Laverda and the spring cv. Kangoo greatly increased. The highest virulence frequency in all four years was on the resistance Ru2 in Kompolti 4. The period of sampling the air population and associated changes in the proportion of spores that developed on spring and winter varieties with different resistances are one of causes of the changes in virulence frequencies. It was also found out that the virulence complexity of pathotypes with the frequency > 1 was markedly lower than the complexity of pathotypes with the frequency of 1. This could indicate the higher fitness of pathotypes with fewer virulences.

Keywords: barley powdery mildew; Hordeum vulgare; population diversity; specific resistances; unnecessary virulences

Published: June 30, 2015  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
DREISEITL A. Changes in virulence frequencies and higher fitness of simple pathotypes in the Czech population of Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei . Plant Protect. Sci.. 2015;51(2):67-73. doi: 10.17221/96/2014-PPS.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Benada J. (1962): Powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC.) on barley II. Contribution to epidemiology of powdery mildew. Rostlinná Výroba, 8: 1287-1304.
    2. Brown J.K.M., Jørgensen J.H. (1991): A catalogue of mildew resistance genes in European barley varieties. In: Jørgensen J.H. (ed.): Integrated Control of Cereal Mildews: Virulence and Their Change. Roskilde, Risø National Laboratory: 263-286.
    3. Brown J.K.M., Foster E.M., O'Hara R.B. (1997): Adaptation of powdery mildew populations to cereal varieties in relation to durable and non-durable resistance. In: Crute I.R., Holub E.B., Burdon J.J. (eds): The Gene-for-Gene Relationship in Plant-Parasite Interactions. Oxon, CAB International: 119-138.
    4. Brückner F. (1982): Finding of powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC. var. hordei Marchal) race on barley: a race virulent to resistance genes Mla9 and Mla14. Ochrana Rostlin, 18: 101-105.
    5. Dreiseitl A. (2008): Virulence frequency to powdery mildew resistances in winter barley cultivars. Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 44: 160-166. Go to original source...
    6. Dreiseitl A. (2011a): Differences in powdery mildew epidemics in spring and winter barley based on 30-year variety trials. Annals of Applied Biology, 159: 49-57. Go to original source...
    7. Dreiseitl A. (2011b). Changes in the population of Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei in the Czech Republic from 2009 to 2010. Plant Protection Science, 47: 43-51. Go to original source...
    8. Dreiseitl A. (2011c): Resistance of 'Roxana' to powdery mildew and its presence in some European spring barley cultivars. Plant Breeding, 130: 419-422. Go to original source...
    9. Dreiseitl A. (2011d): Resistance of 'Laverda' to powdery mildew and its presence in some winter barley cultivars. Cereal Research Communications, 39: 569-576. Go to original source...
    10. Dreiseitl A. (2013a): Genes for resistance to powdery mildew in European winter barley cultivars registered in the Czech Republic and Slovakia to 2010. Plant Breeding, 132: 558-562. Go to original source...
    11. Dreiseitl A. (2013b): Postulation of genes for resistance to powdery mildew in spring barley cultivars registered in the Czech Republic from 1996 to 2010. Euphytica, 191: 183-189. Go to original source...
    12. Dreiseitl A. (2014a): Pathogenic divergence of Central European and Australian populations of Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei. Annals of Applied Biology, 165: 364-372. Go to original source...
    13. Dreiseitl A. (2014b): The Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum-Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei pathosystem: its position in resistance research and breeding applications. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 138: 561-568. Go to original source...
    14. Dreiseitl A., Križanová K. (2012): Powdery mildew resistance genes in spring barley cultivars registered in Slovakia from 2000 to 2010. Cereal Research Communications, 40: 494-501. Go to original source...
    15. Dreiseitl A., Platz G. (2012): Powdery mildew resistance genes in barley varieties grown in Australia. Crop & Pasture Science, 63: 997-1006. Go to original source...
    16. Dreiseitl A., Dinoor A. (2004): Phenotypic diversity of barley powdery mildew resistance sources. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 51: 251-258. Go to original source...
    17. Dreiseitl A., Dinoor A., Kosman E. (2006): Virulence and diversity of Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei in Israel and in the Czech Republic. Plant Disease, 90: 1031-1038. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    18. Eyal Z., Yurman R., Moseman J.G., Wahl I. (1973): Use of mobile nurseries in pathogenicity studies of Erysiphe graminis hordei in Hordeum spontaneum. Phytopathology, 63: 1330-1334. Go to original source...
    19. Flégr J. (2005): Evoluční biologie. Praha, Academia.
    20. Hermann A., Löwer C.F., Schachtel G.A. (1999): A new tool for entry and analysis of virulence data for plant pathogens. Plant Pathology, 48: 154-158. Go to original source...
    21. Hovmøller M.S., Caffier V., Jalli M., Anderson O., Besenhofer G., Czembor J.H., Dreiseitl A., Felsenstein F., Fleck A., Heinrics F., Jonsson R., Limpert E., Mercer P., Plesnik S., Rashal I., Skinnes H., Slater S., Vronska O. (2000): The European barley powdery mildew virulence survey and disease nursery 1993-1999. Agronomie, 20: 729-743.
    22. Kølster P., Munk L., Stølen O., Løhde J. (1986): Near-isogenic barley lines with genes for resistance to powdery mildew. Crop Science, 26: 903-907. Go to original source...
    23. Limpert E. (1987): Frequencies of virulence and fungicide resistance in the European barley mildew population in 1985. Journal of Phytopathology, 119: 298-311. Go to original source...
    24. McDonald B.A., Linde C. (2002): Pathogen population genetics, evolutionary potential, and durable resistance. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 40: 349-379. doi: 10.17221/96/2014-PPS Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    25. Schwarzbach E. (1979): A high throughput jet trap for collecting mildew spores on living leaves. Phytopathologishe Zeitschrift, 94: 165-171. Go to original source...
    26. Torp J.H., Jensen P., Jørgensen J.H. (1978): Powdery mildew resistance genes in 106 Northwest European spring barley varieties. Yearbook 1978. Copenhagen, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University: 75-102.
    27. Wolfe M.S., Schwarzbach E. (1975): The use of virulence analysis in cereal mildews. Phytopathologishe Zeitschrift, 82: 297-307. Go to original source...
    28. Wolfe M.S., Brändle U., Koller B., Limpert E., McDermott J.M., Müller K., Schaffner D. (1992): Barley mildew in Europe: population biology and host resistance. Euphytica, 63: 125-139. Go to original source...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content