Czech J. Anim. Sci., 2015, 60(3):87-96 | DOI: 10.17221/8073-CJAS

Increase in lutein and zeaxanthin content in the eggs of hens fed marigold flower extractOriginal Paper

M. Skĝivan, M. Englmaierová, E. Skĝivanová, I. Bubancová
Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhĝínìves, Czech Republic

Marigold flower extract (MFE), a natural source of xanthophylls, was added to the diets of hens at different concentrations (0, 150, 250, and 350 mg/kg of diet) to determine the effects of MFE on hen performance, physical characteristics of egg quality, and carotenoid content of the egg yolk of hens housed in enriched cages. Additionally, the highest dose of MFE (350 mg/kg) was tested under commercial poultry conditions and compared with a feed mixture with added synthetic carotenoids and a control diet without synthetic carotenoids. The highest hen-day egg production (P = 0.005) and egg mass production (P = 0.010) was found in hens fed a diet supplemented with MFE at 150 mg/kg. The performance characteristics, however, were not influenced by MFE under commercial conditions. When the dose of MFE was increased, increased values were observed for DSM Yolk Colour Fan (P < 0.001), redness (P < 0.001), yellowness (P < 0.001), ratio of redness and yellowness (P < 0.001), and decreased for lightness (P = 0.036). In the commercial study, the synthetic carotenoids decreased the value of yellowness (P < 0.001) compared with the control group. The lutein and zeaxanthin content in yolk increased by approximately 11.5 and 5.9 mg/kg dry matter, respectively, after the MFE addition of 350 mg/kg. Supplementation with synthetic carotenoids significantly (P < 0.001) decreased the α-tocopherol content in egg yolk. In conclusion, MFE is a suitable natural alternative for increasing the xanthophyll contents in eggs compared with the commercially used synthetic carotenoids.

Keywords: carotenoids; Tagetes erecta L.; egg quality; yolk colour; hen performance

Published: March 31, 2015  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Skĝivan M, Englmaierová M, Skĝivanová E, Bubancová I. Increase in lutein and zeaxanthin content in the eggs of hens fed marigold flower extract. Czech J. Anim. Sci.. 2015;60(3):87-96. doi: 10.17221/8073-CJAS.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Akdemir F., Orhan C., Sahin N., Sahin K., Hayirli A. (2012): Tomato powder in laying hen diets: effects on concentrations of yolk carotenoids and lipid peroxidation. British Poultry Science, 53, 675-680. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    2. AOAC (2005): Official Methods of Analysis. 18th Ed. AOAC International, Gaithersburg, USA.
    3. Bartov I., Bornstein S. (1967): Studies on egg yolk pigmentation. 3. The effect of origin and storage of yellow corn on the utilization of its xanthophylls. Poultry Science, 46, 796-805. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    4. Breithaupt D.E. (2007): Modern application of xanthophylls in animal feeding - a review. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 18, 501-506. Go to original source...
    5. Chung H.Y., Rasmussen H.M., Johnson E.J. (2004): Lutein bioavailability is higher from lutein-enriched eggs than from supplements and spinach in men. Journal of Nutrition, 134, 1887-1893. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    6. Dumbrava D., Matiuti M., Druga M., Lupea A., Ianculov I., Clep C. (2006): Effect of seabuckthorn berry flour from hens food on egg yolk carotenoidic pigments content. Annals of the Faculty of Engineering Hunedoara, 3, 156-160.
    7. EN 12822 (2000): Foodstuffs - Determination of vitamin E by high performance liquid chromatography - measurement of α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherols. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.
    8. Englmaierova M., Skrivan M. (2013): Effect of synthetic carotenoids, lutein, and mustard on the performance and egg quality. Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica, 44, 138-143. Go to original source...
    9. Englmaierova M., Skrivan M., Bubancova I. (2013): A comparison of lutein and spray-dried Chlorella, and synthetic carotenoids effects on yolk colour, oxidative stability, and reproductive performance of laying hens. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 58, 412-419. Go to original source...
    10. European Union Council Directive (1970): Council Directive 70/524/EEC concerning additives in feedingstuffs. CELEXEUR Official Journal, L 270, 1-17.
    11. European Union Council Directive (1999): Council Directive 1999/74/EC of July 19th, 1999. Official Journal of the European Communities, L 203, 53-57.
    12. Fredriksson S., Elwinger K., Pickova J. (2006): Fatty acid and carotenoid composition of egg yolk as an effect of microalgae addition to feed formula for laying hens. Food Chemistry, 99, 530-537. Go to original source...
    13. Froescheis O., Moalli S., Liechti H., Bausch J. (2000): Determination of lycopene in tissues and plasma of rats by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with photometric detection. Journal of Chromatography B, 739, 291-299. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    14. Goodwin T.W. (1986): Metabolism, nutrition, and function of carotenoids. Annual Review of Nutrition, 6, 273-297. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    15. Granado F., Olmedilla B., Blanco I. (2003): Nutritional and clinical relevance of lutein in human health. British Journal of Nutrition, 90, 487-504. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    16. Hammershoj M., Kidmose U., Steenfeldt S. (2010): Deposition of carotenoids in egg yolk by short-term supplement of coloured carrot (Daucus carota) varieties as forage material for egg-laying hens. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 90, 1163-1171. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    17. Hasin B.M., Ferdaus A.J.M., Islam M.A., Uddin M.J., Islam M.S. (2006): Marigold and orange skin as egg yolk color promoting agents. International Journal of Poultry Science, 5, 979-987. Go to original source...
    18. Haugh R.R. (1937): The Haugh unit for measuring egg quality. US Egg and Poultry Magazine, 43, 552-555, 572-573.
    19. Hencken H. (1992): Chemical and physiological behavior of feed carotenoids and their effects on pigmentation. Poultry Science, 71, 711-717. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    20. Karadas F., Grammenidis E., Surai P.F., Acamovic T., Sparks C. (2006): Effects of carotenoids from lucerne, marigold and tomato on egg yolk pigmentation and carotenoid composition. British Poultry Science, 47, 561-566. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    21. Kotrbacek V., Skrivan M., Kopecky J., Penkava O., Hudeckova P., Uhrikova I., Doubek J. (2013): Retention of carotenoids in egg yolks of laying hens supplemented with heterotrophic Chlorella. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 58, 193-200. Go to original source...
    22. Krinsky N.I. (1993): Actions of carotenoids in biological systems. Annual Review of Nutrition, 13, 561-587. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    23. Leeson S., Caston L. (2004): Enrichment of eggs with lutein. Poultry Science, 83, 1709-1712. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    24. Leeson S., Caston L., Namkung H. (2007): Effect of dietary lutein and flax on performance, egg composition and liver status of laying hens. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 87, 365-372. Go to original source...
    25. Lokaewmanee K., Yamauchi K., Komori T., Saito K. (2011): Enhancement of yolk color in raw and boiled egg yolk with lutein from marigold flower meal and marigold flower extract. Journal of Poultry Science, 48, 25-32. Go to original source...
    26. Lu J., Wang K., Qu L., Dou T., Tong H., Li S. (2013): Effects of marigold extract on laying performance, egg quality and yolk cholesterol content in suqin green-shelled laying hens. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 9, 2067-2073.
    27. Nys Y. (2000): Dietary carotenoids and egg yolk coloration - a review. Archiv für Geflügelkunde, 64, 45-54.
    28. Quackenbush F.W., Miller S.L. (1972): Composition and analysis of the carotenoids in marigold petals. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 55, 617-621. Go to original source...
    29. Roberts J.R. (2004): Factors affecting egg internal quality and egg shell quality in laying hens. Journal of Poultry Science, 41, 161-177. Go to original source...
    30. Rowghni E., Maddahian A., Arab Abousadi M. (2006): Effects of addition of marigold flower, safflower petals, red pepper on egg-yolk color and egg production in laying hens. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 9, 1333-1337. Go to original source...
    31. Steinberg W., Grashorn M.A., Klunter A.M., Schierle J. (2000): Comparative pigmentation efficiency of two products containing either apo-ester or Tagetes extracts in egg yolks and liquid eggs. Archiv für Geflügelkunde, 64, 180-187.
    32. Zhang W., Zhang K.Y., Ding X.M., Bai S.P., Hernandez J.M., Yao B., Zhu Q. (2011): Influence of canthaxanthin on broiler breeder reproduction, chick quality, and performance. Poultry Science, 90, 1516-1522. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content