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Utilizing New and Innovative Tools to Mitigate Surficial Erosion in Mediterranean Environments

Year 2017, Volume: 17 Issue: 3, 373 - 382, 27.11.2017
https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.300040

Abstract

Abstract

Aim of study: Soil
erosion is a serious environmental problem since it can have major impacts on
the human society. Climate change is only expected to exacerbate soil erosion.
The aim of this study was to use new technologies to measure more accurately
and address holistically soil erosion mitigation in Greece.

Area of study: The
study area was on Thasos Island, Greece that has flat and steep slope areas,
different types of land-uses and frequent wildfires that allowed to assess soil
erosion under different conditions.

Material and Methods: Soil
erosion was estimated at two different scales (micro and macroscale). For the
miscrocale, different sensors along with the use of ultrasonic technology were
employed to measure erosion and other influencing factors. For the macroscale,
firstly a soil loss equation in GIS was utilized. In addition, an Integrated
Information System was developed for stakeholders.

Main results: A
new tool that measures accurately and continuously soil erosion was developed.
The Automated Soil Erosion Monitoring System (ASEMS) can monitor and store
important environmental variables at a specific location (microscale). The
variables it measured were: i) soil erosion/deposition (ground level changes),
ii) soil moisture, iii) soil temperature, iv) rainfall and v) air temperature.
Finally, an Integrated Information System (I
2S)
that allowed to mitigate soil erosion for large areas (macroscale) was
developed.

Highlights: New
tools (ASEMS and I
2S) and a calibrated
equation in GIS were developed that could be utilized by government agencies in
Greece to accomplish sustainable, effective and cost-efficient mitigation of
soil erosion. These tools are also applicable in other regions of the
Mediterranean. 

References

  • Akbarzadeh A., Ghorbani-Dashtaki S., Naderi-Khorasgani M., Kerry R., Taghizadeh-Mehrjardi R. 2016. Monitoring and assessment of soil erosion at micro-scale and macro-scale in forests affected by fire damage in northern Iran. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 188(12), 699.
  • Bakker M.M., Govers G., van Doorn A., Quetier F., Chouvardas D., Rounsevell M. 2008 The response of soil erosion and sediment export to land-use change in four areas of Europe: The importance of landscape pattern. Geomorphology 98, 213-226.
  • Cerdan O., Desprats J-F., Fouché J., Le Bissonnais Y., Cheviron B., Simonneaux V., Raclot D., Mouillot F. 2011. Impact of global changes on soil vulnerability in the Mediterranean Basin. ASABE - International Symposium on Erosion and Landscape Evolution, pp 495- 503
  • European Commission. 2002. Towards a strategy for soil protection. European Commission. Brussels, Belgium.
  • European Commission. 2006. Thematic strategy for soil protection. European Commission. Brussels, Belgium.
  • Gavrilovic Z. 1988. The use of empirical method (erosion potential method) for calculating sediment production and transportation in unstudied or torrential streams (Editor White W.R. In: International Conference on River Regime) John Wiley & Sons, pp. 411–422 Chichester, UK.
  • Giupponi C., Shechter M. (eds.) (2003) Climate change in the Mediterranean: Socio-economic perspectives of impacts, vulnerability and adaptation. Edward Elgar Publications, Glos, UK.
  • Koutalakis P, Zaimes GN, Iakovoglou, Ioannou K. 2015. Reviewing Soil Erosion in Greece. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Environmental, Chemical, Ecological, Geological and Geophysical Engineering 9(8), 816-821
  • Lawler D.M. 1993. The measurement of river bank erosion and lateral channel change: A review. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 18, 777-821
  • Lawler D.M. 2005. Defining the moment of erosion: the principle of thermal consonance timing. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 30, 1597-1615
  • Mitsios J., Pashalidis C., Panagias K. 1995. Soil erosion - Mitigation techniques to soil erosion. Zymel Editions, Athens, Greece.
  • Montgomery D.R. 2007. Soil erosion and agriculture sustainability. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA 104, 13268-13272
  • Morvan X., Saby NPA, Arrouays D., Basa C.L., Jones R.J.A., Verheijen F.G.A., P.H. Bellamy P.H., Stephens M., Kibblewhite MG. 2008. Soil monitoring in Europe: A review of existing systems and requirements for harmonization. Science of the Total Environment, 391 (1), 1-12
  • Nearing M.A., Pruski F.F., O'Neal M.R. 2004. Expected climate change impacts on soil erosion rates: A review. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 59(1), 43-50.
  • Neary D.G., Ryan K.C., DeBano L.F. (eds). 2008. Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Effects of Fire on Soil and Water. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-42. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ogden, UT.
  • Ranis G.D., Iakovoglou V., Zaimes G.N. 2015. Ecosystem Post-Wildfire Effects of Thasos Island. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Environmental, Chemical, Ecological, Geological and Geophysical Engineering 9(10), 1242-1245.
  • Renschler C.S., Harbor J. 2002. Soil erosion assessment tools from point to regional scales—the role of geomorphologists in land management research and implementation. Geomorphology 47, 189-209.
  • Routschek, A., Schmidt, J., Kreienkamp, F. 2014. Impact of climate change on soil erosion - A high-resolution projection on catchment scale until 2100 in Saxony/Germany. Catena 121, 99-109.
  • Shakesby, R.A. 2011. Post-wildfire soil erosion in the Mediterranean: Review and future research directions. Earth-Science Reviews 105:71-100
  • Toll D.G., Barr R.J. 2001. A decision support system for geotechnical applications. Computers and Geotechnics 28(8), 575-590.
  • Yang D., Kanae S., Oki T., Koike T., Musiake K. 2003. Global potential soil erosion with reference to land use and climate changes. Hydrological Processes 17, 2913-2928.
  • Vrieling A., de Jong, S.M., Sterk G., Rodrigues S.C. 2008. Timing of erosion and satellite data: A multi-resolution approach to soil erosion risk mapping. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 10(3), 267-281
  • Zaimes G.N., Gounaridis D., Iakovoglou V., Emmanouloudis D. 2012. Assessing soil erosion risk for Rhodes Island, Greece with a GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis. Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference Water Resource Management (AfricaWRM 2012) September 3-5, 2012 Gaborone, Botswana, Africa, pp. 317-324.
  • Zhou, Q. Huang G.H., Chan C.W. 2004. Development of an intelligent decision support system for air pollution control at coal-fired power plants. Expert Systems with Applications 26(3), 335-356.

Akdeniz çevresinde meydana gelen yüzeysel erozyonu azaltmaya yönelik yeni ve yenilikçi araçların kullanılması

Year 2017, Volume: 17 Issue: 3, 373 - 382, 27.11.2017
https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.300040

Abstract

Özet

Çalışmanın
amacı:
Toprak erozyonu
toplum üzerinde büyük etkilere sahip olabileceğinden ciddi bir çevresel
sorundur. İklim değişikliğinin sadece toprak erozyonunu şiddetlendirmesi
beklenmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Yunanistan’da toprak eroyonunundaki
azalmayı bir bütün olarak ele alan yeni teknolojiler kullanarak daha doğru bir
şekilde ölçmektir.

Çalışma
alanı: 
Çalışma alanı, düz ve dik
yamaç alanları ile farklı arazi kullanım alanları bulunan, sık olarak orman
yangıları görülen, farklı koşullar altında toprak erozyonunu değerlendirme
imkanı veren Thasos adası, Yunanistan’dır.

Materyal ve
Yöntem:
Toprak erozyonu
iki farklı ölçekte değerlendirildi (mikro ve makro ölçek). Mikro ölçekte,
erozyon ve diğer etkileyici faktörleri ölçmek için ultrasonic teknoloji ile
birlikte farklı sensörler kullanıldı. Macro ölçekte, öncelikle GIS’de mevcut
olan bir toprak kayıp eşitliğinden yaralanıldı. Buna ek olarak, paydaşlar için
bir Entegre Bilgi Sistemi geliştirildi.

Sonuçlar: Doğru ve sürekli
olarak toprak erozyonunu ölçen yeni bir araç geliştirildi. Otomatik Toprak
Erozyonu İzleme Sistemi (ASEMS) belirli bir yerdeki çevresel değişiklikleri
izleyebilir ve depolayabilir (mikro ölçek). Sistemin ölçebildiği değişkenler:
i) toprak erozyonu/çökelmesi (taban seviyesi değişiklikleri), ii)toprak nemi,
iii) toprak sıcaklığı, iv)yağış ve v)hava sıcaklığıdır. Son olarak, geniş
alanlar (makro ölçek) için toprak erozyonunu azaltmaya imkan veren bir Entegre
Bilgi sistemi (I2S) geliştirildi.











Önemli Vurgular:
Yunanistan’da
devlet kuruluşlarının sürdürülebilir, etkili ve düşük maliyetli olarak toprak
erozyonunu hafifletmede başarılı olabilmeleri için yararlanabilecekleri yeni
araçlar (ASEMS and I2S) ve GIS’de calibre edilmiş bir eşitlik geliştirildi. Bu
araçlar Akdeniz’in diğer bölgeleri için de uygulanabilir durumdadır. 

References

  • Akbarzadeh A., Ghorbani-Dashtaki S., Naderi-Khorasgani M., Kerry R., Taghizadeh-Mehrjardi R. 2016. Monitoring and assessment of soil erosion at micro-scale and macro-scale in forests affected by fire damage in northern Iran. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 188(12), 699.
  • Bakker M.M., Govers G., van Doorn A., Quetier F., Chouvardas D., Rounsevell M. 2008 The response of soil erosion and sediment export to land-use change in four areas of Europe: The importance of landscape pattern. Geomorphology 98, 213-226.
  • Cerdan O., Desprats J-F., Fouché J., Le Bissonnais Y., Cheviron B., Simonneaux V., Raclot D., Mouillot F. 2011. Impact of global changes on soil vulnerability in the Mediterranean Basin. ASABE - International Symposium on Erosion and Landscape Evolution, pp 495- 503
  • European Commission. 2002. Towards a strategy for soil protection. European Commission. Brussels, Belgium.
  • European Commission. 2006. Thematic strategy for soil protection. European Commission. Brussels, Belgium.
  • Gavrilovic Z. 1988. The use of empirical method (erosion potential method) for calculating sediment production and transportation in unstudied or torrential streams (Editor White W.R. In: International Conference on River Regime) John Wiley & Sons, pp. 411–422 Chichester, UK.
  • Giupponi C., Shechter M. (eds.) (2003) Climate change in the Mediterranean: Socio-economic perspectives of impacts, vulnerability and adaptation. Edward Elgar Publications, Glos, UK.
  • Koutalakis P, Zaimes GN, Iakovoglou, Ioannou K. 2015. Reviewing Soil Erosion in Greece. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Environmental, Chemical, Ecological, Geological and Geophysical Engineering 9(8), 816-821
  • Lawler D.M. 1993. The measurement of river bank erosion and lateral channel change: A review. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 18, 777-821
  • Lawler D.M. 2005. Defining the moment of erosion: the principle of thermal consonance timing. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 30, 1597-1615
  • Mitsios J., Pashalidis C., Panagias K. 1995. Soil erosion - Mitigation techniques to soil erosion. Zymel Editions, Athens, Greece.
  • Montgomery D.R. 2007. Soil erosion and agriculture sustainability. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA 104, 13268-13272
  • Morvan X., Saby NPA, Arrouays D., Basa C.L., Jones R.J.A., Verheijen F.G.A., P.H. Bellamy P.H., Stephens M., Kibblewhite MG. 2008. Soil monitoring in Europe: A review of existing systems and requirements for harmonization. Science of the Total Environment, 391 (1), 1-12
  • Nearing M.A., Pruski F.F., O'Neal M.R. 2004. Expected climate change impacts on soil erosion rates: A review. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 59(1), 43-50.
  • Neary D.G., Ryan K.C., DeBano L.F. (eds). 2008. Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Effects of Fire on Soil and Water. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-42. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ogden, UT.
  • Ranis G.D., Iakovoglou V., Zaimes G.N. 2015. Ecosystem Post-Wildfire Effects of Thasos Island. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Environmental, Chemical, Ecological, Geological and Geophysical Engineering 9(10), 1242-1245.
  • Renschler C.S., Harbor J. 2002. Soil erosion assessment tools from point to regional scales—the role of geomorphologists in land management research and implementation. Geomorphology 47, 189-209.
  • Routschek, A., Schmidt, J., Kreienkamp, F. 2014. Impact of climate change on soil erosion - A high-resolution projection on catchment scale until 2100 in Saxony/Germany. Catena 121, 99-109.
  • Shakesby, R.A. 2011. Post-wildfire soil erosion in the Mediterranean: Review and future research directions. Earth-Science Reviews 105:71-100
  • Toll D.G., Barr R.J. 2001. A decision support system for geotechnical applications. Computers and Geotechnics 28(8), 575-590.
  • Yang D., Kanae S., Oki T., Koike T., Musiake K. 2003. Global potential soil erosion with reference to land use and climate changes. Hydrological Processes 17, 2913-2928.
  • Vrieling A., de Jong, S.M., Sterk G., Rodrigues S.C. 2008. Timing of erosion and satellite data: A multi-resolution approach to soil erosion risk mapping. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 10(3), 267-281
  • Zaimes G.N., Gounaridis D., Iakovoglou V., Emmanouloudis D. 2012. Assessing soil erosion risk for Rhodes Island, Greece with a GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis. Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference Water Resource Management (AfricaWRM 2012) September 3-5, 2012 Gaborone, Botswana, Africa, pp. 317-324.
  • Zhou, Q. Huang G.H., Chan C.W. 2004. Development of an intelligent decision support system for air pollution control at coal-fired power plants. Expert Systems with Applications 26(3), 335-356.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

George N Zaimes

Publication Date November 27, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 17 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Zaimes, G. N. (2017). Utilizing New and Innovative Tools to Mitigate Surficial Erosion in Mediterranean Environments. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 17(3), 373-382. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.300040
AMA Zaimes GN. Utilizing New and Innovative Tools to Mitigate Surficial Erosion in Mediterranean Environments. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. November 2017;17(3):373-382. doi:10.17475/kastorman.300040
Chicago Zaimes, George N. “Utilizing New and Innovative Tools to Mitigate Surficial Erosion in Mediterranean Environments”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 17, no. 3 (November 2017): 373-82. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.300040.
EndNote Zaimes GN (November 1, 2017) Utilizing New and Innovative Tools to Mitigate Surficial Erosion in Mediterranean Environments. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 17 3 373–382.
IEEE G. N. Zaimes, “Utilizing New and Innovative Tools to Mitigate Surficial Erosion in Mediterranean Environments”, Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 373–382, 2017, doi: 10.17475/kastorman.300040.
ISNAD Zaimes, George N. “Utilizing New and Innovative Tools to Mitigate Surficial Erosion in Mediterranean Environments”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 17/3 (November 2017), 373-382. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.300040.
JAMA Zaimes GN. Utilizing New and Innovative Tools to Mitigate Surficial Erosion in Mediterranean Environments. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. 2017;17:373–382.
MLA Zaimes, George N. “Utilizing New and Innovative Tools to Mitigate Surficial Erosion in Mediterranean Environments”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, vol. 17, no. 3, 2017, pp. 373-82, doi:10.17475/kastorman.300040.
Vancouver Zaimes GN. Utilizing New and Innovative Tools to Mitigate Surficial Erosion in Mediterranean Environments. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. 2017;17(3):373-82.

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