AccScience Publishing / IJB / Volume 3 / Issue 2 / DOI: 10.18063/IJB.2017.02.007
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PERSPECTIVE ARTICLE

Bioprinting of osteochondral tissues: A perspective on current gaps and future trends

Pallab Datta1 Aman Dhawan2 Yin Yu3,4 Dan Hayes5,6 Hemanth Gudapati5,7 Ibrahim T. Ozbolat5,6,7,8*
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1 Centre for Healthcare Science and Technologyn Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal 711103, India
2 Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
3 Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
4 The Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
5 The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
6 Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
7 Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
8 Materials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
IJB 2017, 3(2), 109–120; https://doi.org/10.18063/IJB.2017.02.007
© Invalid date by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
Abstract

Osteochondral tissue regeneration has remained a critical challenge in orthopaedic surgery, especially due to complications of arthritic degeneration arising out of mechanical dislocations of joints. The common gold standard of autografting has several limitations in presenting tissue engineering strategies to solve the unmet clinical need. However, due to the complexity of joint anatomy, and tissue heterogeneity at the interface, the conventional tissue engineering strategies have certain limitations. The advent of bioprinting has now provided new opportunities for osteochondral tissue engineering. Bioprinting can uniquely mimic the heterogeneous cellular composition and anisotropic extra-cellular matrix (ECM) organization, while allowing for targeted gene delivery to achieve heterotypic differentiation. In this perspective, we discuss the current advances made towards bioprinting of composite osteochondral tissues and present an account of challenges—in terms of tissue integration, long-term survival, and mechanical strength at the time of implantation—required to be addressed for effective clinical translation of bioprinted tissues. Finally, we highlight some of the future trends related to osteochondral bioprinting with the hope of in-clinical translation.

Keywords
bioprinting
osteochondral injuries
zonal anisotropy
bioink
tissue engineering
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International Journal of Bioprinting, Electronic ISSN: 2424-8002 Print ISSN: 2424-7723, Published by AccScience Publishing