Objective We investigated whether dual-time-point 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) could improve the positive predictive value for detecting advanced colorectal neoplasms (cancer, adenoma ≥10 mm or adenoma with high-grade dysplasia).

Methods We retrospectively searched for consecutive patients with a known primary cancer, who had a colonic ¹⁸FDG uptake incidentally found by PET/CT, followed by colonoscopy between January 2013 and August 2014. The clinical characteristics including the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) were compared between advanced colorectal neoplasms and non-advanced lesions.

Results Forty-eight patients had 51 foci with an incidental focal colorectal uptake of ¹⁸FDG. Among these 51 foci, 28 foci were judged as being advanced neoplasms, whereas 23 foci identified as non-advanced lesions. Four cases were missed by PET/CT: two laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) with intramucosal cancer and two severe adenomas (<10 mm). The positive predictive value for the detection of advanced neoplasms was 55%. The per-spot performance of PET/CT showed that SUVmax was significantly higher in advanced neoplasms than in non-advanced lesions for the early-phase (10.1±4.9 vs. 6.5±3.2, p=0.029) and the delayed-phase (12.0±6.0 vs. 7.4±4.0, p=0.022). However, more importantly, there was a significant overlap of the SUVmax and no significant difference was found in the retention index (19.2±20.1 vs. 16.6±29.4, p=0.767).

Conclusion Dual-time-point PET/CT was found to have limited impact for identifying advanced colorectal neoplasms in spite of its high sensitivity and it might therefore not be able to identify either LSTs or small advanced neoplasms.