Abstract
Risk factors for the microvascular complications (nephropathy and retinopathy) of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus and the associated accelerated atherosclerosis include: age, diabetes duration, genetic factors, hyperglycaemia, hypertension, smoking, inflammation, glycation and oxidative stress and dyslipoproteinaemia. Hypertriglyceridaemia, low HDL and small dense LDL are common features of Type 2 diabetes and Type 1 diabetes with poor glycaemic control or renal complications. With the expansion of knowledge and of clinical and research laboratory tools, a broader definition of lipid abnormalities in diabetes is appropriate. Dyslipoproteinaemia encompasses alterations in lipid levels, lipoprotein subclass distribution, composition (including modifications such as non-enzymatic glycation and oxidative damage), lipoprotein-related enzymes, and receptor interactions and subsequent cell signaling. Alterations occur in all lipoprotein classes; chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL, and Lp(a). There is also emerging evidence implicating lipoprotein related genotypes in the development of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. Lipoprotein related mechanisms associated with damage to the cardiovascular system may also be relevant to damage to the renal and ocular microvasculature. Adverse tissue effects are mediated by both alterations in lipoprotein function and adverse cellular responses. Recognition and treatment of lipoprotein-related risk factors, supported by an increasing array of assays and therapeutic agents, may facilitate early recognition and treatment of high complication risk diabetic patients. Further clinical and basic research, including intervention trials, is warranted to guide clinical practice. Optimal lipoprotein management, as part of a multifaceted approach to diabetes care, may reduce the excessive personal and economic burden of microvascular complications and the related accelerated atherosclerosis.
Keywords: lipoproteins, diabetes, retinopathy, nephropathy, glycation, oxidation, enzymes, treatment
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Lipoproteins and Diabetic Microvascular Complications
Volume: 10 Issue: 27
Author(s): A. J. Jenkins, K. G. Rowley, T. J. Lyons, J. D. Best, M. A. Hill and R. L. Klein
Affiliation:
Keywords: lipoproteins, diabetes, retinopathy, nephropathy, glycation, oxidation, enzymes, treatment
Abstract: Risk factors for the microvascular complications (nephropathy and retinopathy) of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus and the associated accelerated atherosclerosis include: age, diabetes duration, genetic factors, hyperglycaemia, hypertension, smoking, inflammation, glycation and oxidative stress and dyslipoproteinaemia. Hypertriglyceridaemia, low HDL and small dense LDL are common features of Type 2 diabetes and Type 1 diabetes with poor glycaemic control or renal complications. With the expansion of knowledge and of clinical and research laboratory tools, a broader definition of lipid abnormalities in diabetes is appropriate. Dyslipoproteinaemia encompasses alterations in lipid levels, lipoprotein subclass distribution, composition (including modifications such as non-enzymatic glycation and oxidative damage), lipoprotein-related enzymes, and receptor interactions and subsequent cell signaling. Alterations occur in all lipoprotein classes; chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL, and Lp(a). There is also emerging evidence implicating lipoprotein related genotypes in the development of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. Lipoprotein related mechanisms associated with damage to the cardiovascular system may also be relevant to damage to the renal and ocular microvasculature. Adverse tissue effects are mediated by both alterations in lipoprotein function and adverse cellular responses. Recognition and treatment of lipoprotein-related risk factors, supported by an increasing array of assays and therapeutic agents, may facilitate early recognition and treatment of high complication risk diabetic patients. Further clinical and basic research, including intervention trials, is warranted to guide clinical practice. Optimal lipoprotein management, as part of a multifaceted approach to diabetes care, may reduce the excessive personal and economic burden of microvascular complications and the related accelerated atherosclerosis.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Jenkins J. A., Rowley G. K., Lyons J. T., Best D. J., Hill A. M. and Klein L. R., Lipoproteins and Diabetic Microvascular Complications, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2004; 10 (27) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612043383188
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612043383188 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Vitamin D Metabolites and/or Analogs: Which D for Which Patient?
Current Vascular Pharmacology Silencing of MiRNA-126 in Kidney Ischemia Reperfusion is Associated with Elevated SDF-1 Levels and Mobilization of Sca-1+/Lin- Progenitor Cells
MicroRNA Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 Activator (DIZE) Modulates Metabolic Profiles in Mice, Decreasing Lipogenesis
Protein & Peptide Letters A Systematic Review of the Potential Herbal Sources of Future Drugs Effective in Oxidant-Related Diseases
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Raxofelast, (±)5-(Acetyloxy)-2,3-dihydro-4,6,7-trimethyl-2-benzofuranacetic Acid: A New Antioxidant to Modulate the Inflammatory Response During Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Impaired Wound Healing
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Methylglyoxal, A Metabolite Increased in Diabetes is Associated with Insulin Resistance, Vascular Dysfunction and Neuropathies
Current Drug Metabolism Cardio-Renal-Anemia Syndrome: A Link Between Erythropoietin, Dimethylarginine and Homocysteine
Current Medicinal Chemistry Leptin: A Promising Therapeutic Target with Pleiotropic Action Besides Body Weight Regulation
Current Drug Targets Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Vascular Biology in Diabetes Mellitus: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives
Current Diabetes Reviews Use of Insulin and Insulin Analogs and Risk of Cancer — Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Current Drug Safety Impact of Ultrasound Contrast Agents in Echocardiographic Assessment of Ischemic Heart Disease
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Diabetes and Complications: Cellular Signaling Pathways, Current Understanding and Targeted Therapies
Current Drug Targets Clinical Management of Diabetes Mellitus in the Older Adult Patient
Current Diabetes Reviews Impact of Oral 1,25-Dihydroxy Vitamin D (Calcitriol) Replacement Therapy on Coronary Artery Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Ethnicity Considerations in Diagnosing Glucose Disorders
Current Diabetes Reviews 3,4-DGE is Important for Side Effects in Peritoneal Dialysis What About its Role in Diabetes
Current Medicinal Chemistry Role of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Anderson-Fabry Disease: A Multiorgan Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Diabetic Heart and the Cardiovascular Surgeon
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Therapeutic Potential of Hammerhead Ribozymes in the Treatment of Hyper-Proliferative Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology