Abstract
The aging process is one of the best examples of the effects of a deterioration of homeostasis, since aging is accompanied by an impairment of the physiological systems including the homeostatic systems such as the immune system. We propose an integrative theory of aging providing answers to the how (oxidation), where first (mitochondria of differentiated cells) and why (pleiotropic genes) this process occurs. In agreement with this oxidation-mitochondrial theory of aging, we have observed that the age-related changes of immune functions have as their basis an oxidative and inflammatory stress situation, which has among its intracellular mechanisms the activation of NFκB in immune cells. Moreover, we have also observed that several functions of immune cells are good markers of biological age and predictors of longevity. Based on the above we have proposed the theory of oxidation-inflammation as the main cause of aging. Accordingly, the chronic oxidative stress that appears with age affects all cells and especially those of the regulatory systems, such as the nervous, endocrine and immune systems and the communication between them. This fact prevents an adequate homeostasis and, therefore, the preservation of health. We have also proposed a key involvement of the immune system in the aging process of the organism, concretely in the rate of aging, since there is a relation between the redox state and functional capacity of the immune cells and the longevity of individuals. Moreover, the role of the immune system in senescence could be of universal application. A confirmation of the central role of the immune system in oxi-inflamm-aging is that the administration of adequate amounts of antioxidants in the diet, improves the immune functions, decreasing their oxidative stress, and consequently increases the longevity of the subjects.
Keywords: Aging, oxidative stress, inflammation, immune system, oxi-inflamm-aging, antioxidants
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: An Update of the Oxidation-Inflammation Theory of Aging: The Involvement of the Immune System in Oxi-Inflamm-Aging
Volume: 15 Issue: 26
Author(s): Monica De la Fuente and Jaime Miquel
Affiliation:
Keywords: Aging, oxidative stress, inflammation, immune system, oxi-inflamm-aging, antioxidants
Abstract: The aging process is one of the best examples of the effects of a deterioration of homeostasis, since aging is accompanied by an impairment of the physiological systems including the homeostatic systems such as the immune system. We propose an integrative theory of aging providing answers to the how (oxidation), where first (mitochondria of differentiated cells) and why (pleiotropic genes) this process occurs. In agreement with this oxidation-mitochondrial theory of aging, we have observed that the age-related changes of immune functions have as their basis an oxidative and inflammatory stress situation, which has among its intracellular mechanisms the activation of NFκB in immune cells. Moreover, we have also observed that several functions of immune cells are good markers of biological age and predictors of longevity. Based on the above we have proposed the theory of oxidation-inflammation as the main cause of aging. Accordingly, the chronic oxidative stress that appears with age affects all cells and especially those of the regulatory systems, such as the nervous, endocrine and immune systems and the communication between them. This fact prevents an adequate homeostasis and, therefore, the preservation of health. We have also proposed a key involvement of the immune system in the aging process of the organism, concretely in the rate of aging, since there is a relation between the redox state and functional capacity of the immune cells and the longevity of individuals. Moreover, the role of the immune system in senescence could be of universal application. A confirmation of the central role of the immune system in oxi-inflamm-aging is that the administration of adequate amounts of antioxidants in the diet, improves the immune functions, decreasing their oxidative stress, and consequently increases the longevity of the subjects.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Fuente De la Monica and Miquel Jaime, An Update of the Oxidation-Inflammation Theory of Aging: The Involvement of the Immune System in Oxi-Inflamm-Aging, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2009; 15 (26) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161209789058110
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161209789058110 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Muscarinic Receptors as Targets for Metronomic Therapy in Breast Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Telomere Maintenance as Therapeutic Target in Embryonal Tumours
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Cellular Membranes and Lipid-Binding Domains as Attractive Targets for Drug Development
Current Drug Targets Meet Our Editorial Board Member
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Secondary Hypertension: The Ways of Management
Current Vascular Pharmacology Fibromyalgia and Bipolar Disorder: Emerging Epidemiological Associations and Shared Pathophysiology
Current Molecular Medicine Beneficial Effects of Plant Sources on the Treatment of Osteoporosis
Current Drug Targets Strategies for Novel Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Cytokines and Signaling Pathways of Osteoclasto- and Osteoblastogenesis in the Fight Against Immune-Mediated Bone and Joint Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Potential of Gene Therapy for Restoration of Endocrine Thymic Function in Thymus-Deficient Animal Models
Current Gene Therapy Flavonoids in the Treatment of Diabetes: Clinical Outcomes and Mechanism to Ameliorate Blood Glucose Levels
Current Diabetes Reviews Post-Exercise Ketosis, Salivary Uric Acid and Interleukin-6 after a Simulated Wheelchair Basketball Match
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Effects of Epirubicin and Cisplatin Against 4T1 Breast Cancer Cells are Enhanced by Myrtucommulone-A
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Approach to the Patient with Subclinical Cushing’s Syndrome
Current Pharmaceutical Design Neurological Disorders in Medical Use of <i>Cannabis</i>: An Update
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Obesity and Cathepsin K: A Complex Pathophysiological Relationship in Breast Cancer Metastases
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Genetic and Non-genetic Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease in South Asians
Current Diabetes Reviews Medicinal Chemistry of Drugs with Active Metabolites Following Conjugation
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Emerging Evidence for the Role of Neurotransmitters in the Modulation of T Cell Responses to Cognate Ligands
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker: Possibility of Antitumor Agent for Prostate Cancer
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry The Sigma Receptor: Evolution of the Concept in Neuropsychopharmacology
Current Neuropharmacology