Abstract
Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS), a chronic upper airway inflammation, is an inflammation of the nose and the paranasal cavities and is highly prevalent. Chronic rhinosinusitis is currently classified as CRS with nasal polyps or CRS without nasal polyps. This review highlights the pathophysiological differences in CRS on remodeling and on T-cell patterns. Nasal polyps have a high co-morbidity with the lower airway inflammatory disease, asthma. Evidence is accumulating for the role of superantigens, Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins, in CRS with nasal polyps and asthma, both T helper 2 –biased diseases. Until today there are no biomarkers involved in the diagnosis of CRS or the treatment follow-up. Further differentiation of the phenotype of the disease is needed, which will reflect in the development of new biomarkers and in new innovative treatment options. Defining and predicting response to therapy in individual CRS patients is a challenge for future research.
Keywords: Chronic rhinosinusitis, asthma, inflammation, treatment
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Local Inflammation in Chronic Upper Airway Disease
Volume: 18 Issue: 16
Author(s): Lien Calus, Thibaut Van Zele, Lara Derycke, Olga Krysko, Tineke Dutre, Peter Tomassen, Melissa Dullaers, Claus Bachert and Philippe Gevaert
Affiliation:
Keywords: Chronic rhinosinusitis, asthma, inflammation, treatment
Abstract: Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS), a chronic upper airway inflammation, is an inflammation of the nose and the paranasal cavities and is highly prevalent. Chronic rhinosinusitis is currently classified as CRS with nasal polyps or CRS without nasal polyps. This review highlights the pathophysiological differences in CRS on remodeling and on T-cell patterns. Nasal polyps have a high co-morbidity with the lower airway inflammatory disease, asthma. Evidence is accumulating for the role of superantigens, Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins, in CRS with nasal polyps and asthma, both T helper 2 –biased diseases. Until today there are no biomarkers involved in the diagnosis of CRS or the treatment follow-up. Further differentiation of the phenotype of the disease is needed, which will reflect in the development of new biomarkers and in new innovative treatment options. Defining and predicting response to therapy in individual CRS patients is a challenge for future research.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Calus Lien, Van Zele Thibaut, Derycke Lara, Krysko Olga, Dutre Tineke, Tomassen Peter, Dullaers Melissa, Bachert Claus and Gevaert Philippe, Local Inflammation in Chronic Upper Airway Disease, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2012; 18 (16) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212800166022
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212800166022 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Effect of Treatment with Caspofungin on the Diagnosis of Fungal Infections by Gamma Scintigraphy
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Oxidative Stress in Tumor Angiogenesis - Therapeutic Targets
Current Pharmaceutical Design Update on Myositis Therapy: From Today’s Standards to Tomorrow’s Possibilities
Current Pharmaceutical Design Genetic Manipulation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells: A System to Study Early Human Development and Potential Therapeutic Applications
Current Gene Therapy The Rationale for Repurposing Sildenafil for Lung Cancer Treatment
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Updates for Chest Tumors
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Signal transduction in Acute Myeloid Leukemia – Implications for Novel Therapeutic Concepts.
Current Cancer Drug Targets Simultaneous Determination of Cytochrome P450 Oxidation Capacity in Humans: A Review on the Phenotyping Cocktail Approach
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Pyrrolidino Analogues of Gefitinib with Improved EGFR Inhibition, Cancer Cell Cytotoxicity, and Pharmacokinetic Properties
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Role of Chromatography for Monitoring of Breast Cancer Biomarkers
Recent Patents on Biomarkers Subject Index To Volume 1
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials Thermosensitive Liposomes in Cancer Therapy
Recent Patents on Biomedical Engineering (Discontinued) Radiochemotherapy for Non Small Cell Lung Cancer
Current Drug Therapy An Overview on Screening Methods for Lysine Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1) Inhibitors
Current Medicinal Chemistry Pharmacovigilance Assessment of Cardiac Implications of Nicotine Replacement Therapy Among Smokers
Current Drug Safety Using Nutrigenomics to Evaluate Apoptosis as a Preemptive Target in Cancer Prevention
Current Cancer Drug Targets Cell Biological Manifestations of Bisdioxopiperazines: Treatment of Human Tumor Cell Lines in Culture
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Lipid-Based Nanoparticulate Systems for the Delivery of Anti-Cancer Drug Cocktails: Implications on Pharmacokinetics and Drug Toxicities
Current Drug Metabolism Anticancer Activity and Mechanism Investigation of Beauvericin Isolated from Secondary Metabolites of the Mangrove Endophytic Fungi
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Review of the Biological Activity of Maslinic Acid
Current Drug Targets