Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Hyperglycemia is an important factor in cardiovascular damage, working through different mechanisms such as activation of protein kinase C, polyol and hexosamine pathways, advanced glycation end products production. All of these pathways, in association to hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress, promote reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation that, in turn, promote cellular damage and contribute to the diabetic complications development and progression. ROS can directly damage lipids, proteins or DNA and modulate intracellular signaling pathways, such as mitogen activated protein kinases and redox sensitive transcription factors causing changes in protein expression and, therefore, irreversible oxidative modifications. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress induces endothelial dysfunction that plays a central role in the pathogenesis of micro- and macro-vascular diseases. It may also increase pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant factors expression, induce apoptosis and impair nitric oxide release. Oxidative stress induces several phenotypic alterations also in vascular smooth-muscle cell (VSMC). ROS is one of the factors that can promote both VSMC proliferation/migration in atherosclerotic lesions and VSMC apoptosis, which is potentially involved in atherosclerotic plaque instability and rupture.
Currently, there are contrasting clinical evidences on the benefits of antioxidant therapies in the prevention/treatment of diabetic cardiovascular complications. Appropriate glycemic control, in which both hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic episodes are reduced, in association to the treatment of dyslipidemia, hypertension, kidney dysfunction and obesity, conditions which are also associated to ROS overproduction, can counteract oxidative stress and, therefore, both microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, hyperglycemia.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Hyperglycemia-induced Oxidative Stress and its Role in Diabetes Mellitus Related Cardiovascular Diseases
Volume: 19 Issue: 32
Author(s): Teresa Vanessa Fiorentino, Annamaria Prioletta, Pengou Zuo and Franco Folli
Affiliation:
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, hyperglycemia.
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is associated to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Hyperglycemia is an important factor in cardiovascular damage, working through different mechanisms such as activation of protein kinase C, polyol and hexosamine pathways, advanced glycation end products production. All of these pathways, in association to hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress, promote reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation that, in turn, promote cellular damage and contribute to the diabetic complications development and progression. ROS can directly damage lipids, proteins or DNA and modulate intracellular signaling pathways, such as mitogen activated protein kinases and redox sensitive transcription factors causing changes in protein expression and, therefore, irreversible oxidative modifications. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress induces endothelial dysfunction that plays a central role in the pathogenesis of micro- and macro-vascular diseases. It may also increase pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant factors expression, induce apoptosis and impair nitric oxide release. Oxidative stress induces several phenotypic alterations also in vascular smooth-muscle cell (VSMC). ROS is one of the factors that can promote both VSMC proliferation/migration in atherosclerotic lesions and VSMC apoptosis, which is potentially involved in atherosclerotic plaque instability and rupture.
Currently, there are contrasting clinical evidences on the benefits of antioxidant therapies in the prevention/treatment of diabetic cardiovascular complications. Appropriate glycemic control, in which both hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic episodes are reduced, in association to the treatment of dyslipidemia, hypertension, kidney dysfunction and obesity, conditions which are also associated to ROS overproduction, can counteract oxidative stress and, therefore, both microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Fiorentino Vanessa Teresa, Prioletta Annamaria, Zuo Pengou and Folli Franco, Hyperglycemia-induced Oxidative Stress and its Role in Diabetes Mellitus Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2013; 19 (32) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319320005
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319320005 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Cytokine Analysis in Patients with Different Stages of Thromboangiitis Obliterans
Current Molecular Medicine The Role of Nuclear Medicine in Vascular Dementia
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Effects of Pulmonary Blood Flow on Respiratory Mechanics: Measurements by the End-Inflation Occlusion Method in Healthy Rats After Acute Blood Volume Expansion
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Inflammatory Markers in Hyperlipidemia: From Experimental Models to Clinical Practice
Current Pharmaceutical Design Diagnosis and Treatment of Dyslipidaemias in Athletes
Current Vascular Pharmacology Nicotine Addiction and Coronary Artery Disease: Impact of Cessation Interventions
Current Pharmaceutical Design Energy Remodeling, Mitochondrial Disorder and Heart Failure
Current Pharmaceutical Design Is VEGF a Key Target of Cotinine and Other Potential Therapies Against Alzheimer Disease?
Current Alzheimer Research Association between Paraoxonase 1(PON1) Gene Polymorphisms and PON1 Enzyme Activity in Indian Patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine Cardiac Gene Therapy: Therapeutic Potential and Current Progress
Current Gene Therapy Editorial from Editor-in-Chief (Thrombolytic and Catheter-Directed Therapy for Pulmonary Embolism: The Paradox of Clinical Outcomes and Theory)
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Aporphine Alkaloids and their Antioxidant Medical Application: From Antineoplastic Agents to Motor Dysfunction Diseases
Current Organic Chemistry Editorial (Hot Topic: Achieving Current Goals in Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Disease: An Update)
Current Pharmaceutical Design Selection of Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Current Pharmaceutical Design Mechanisms of Vascular Calcification and Associated Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Effects of Evolocumab on Cardiovascular Events
Current Cardiology Reviews HDL - Cholesterol: The New Target for Treatment
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Stable Angina Pectoris: Current Medical Treatment
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Impact of Nandrolone Decanoate on the Central Nervous System
Current Neuropharmacology Novel Agents Targeting Nitric Oxide
Current Vascular Pharmacology