Abstract
Ion channels are intimately involved in virtually every physiological process of consequence in humans. Their importance is underscored by the identification of numerous “channelopathies”, human diseases caused by ion channel mutations. Ion Channels have consequently been viewed as fertile ground for drug discovery and, indeed, they represent one of the largest target classes for current medicines. The future prospects of ion channels as a target class are tied to the functional characterization of the human ion channel set on a genomic scale. The focus of this review is to describe the molecular diversity and conservation of human ion channels. The human genome contains at least 232 genes that encode the pore-forming subunits of plasma membrane ion channels. Comparative genome analysis shows that most human ion channel gene families have their origins in the earliest metazoans but the human genes are largely derived from duplications that took place in the vertebrate lineage. The mouse and human ion channel gene sets are virtually identical, but differ significantly from fish channel sets. Genome comparisons highlight a number of highly conserved channel families that do not yet have specifically defined functional roles in vivo. These channel families are likely to have non-redundant functions in metazoans and represent some of the best new opportunities for channel target prospecting. Furthermore, genome- wide patterns of sequence conservation can now be used to refine strategies for the identification of gene-specific channel probes.
Keywords: K2P, Monosiga, Nematostella, TRP, Kv, evolution, Ion channels
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening
Title: Evolution of the Human Ion Channel Set
Volume: 12 Issue: 1
Author(s): Surendra K. Nayak, Serge Batalov, Timothy J. Jegla and Christian M. Zmasek
Affiliation:
Keywords: K2P, Monosiga, Nematostella, TRP, Kv, evolution, Ion channels
Abstract: Ion channels are intimately involved in virtually every physiological process of consequence in humans. Their importance is underscored by the identification of numerous “channelopathies”, human diseases caused by ion channel mutations. Ion Channels have consequently been viewed as fertile ground for drug discovery and, indeed, they represent one of the largest target classes for current medicines. The future prospects of ion channels as a target class are tied to the functional characterization of the human ion channel set on a genomic scale. The focus of this review is to describe the molecular diversity and conservation of human ion channels. The human genome contains at least 232 genes that encode the pore-forming subunits of plasma membrane ion channels. Comparative genome analysis shows that most human ion channel gene families have their origins in the earliest metazoans but the human genes are largely derived from duplications that took place in the vertebrate lineage. The mouse and human ion channel gene sets are virtually identical, but differ significantly from fish channel sets. Genome comparisons highlight a number of highly conserved channel families that do not yet have specifically defined functional roles in vivo. These channel families are likely to have non-redundant functions in metazoans and represent some of the best new opportunities for channel target prospecting. Furthermore, genome- wide patterns of sequence conservation can now be used to refine strategies for the identification of gene-specific channel probes.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Nayak K. Surendra, Batalov Serge, Jegla J. Timothy and Zmasek M. Christian, Evolution of the Human Ion Channel Set, Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening 2009; 12 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138620709787047957
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138620709787047957 |
Print ISSN 1386-2073 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5402 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Artificial Intelligence Methods for Biomedical, Biochemical and Bioinformatics Problems
Recently, a large number of technologies based on artificial intelligence have been developed and applied to solve a diverse range of problems in the areas of biomedical, biochemical and bioinformatics problems. By utilizing powerful computing resources and massive amounts of data, methods based on artificial intelligence can significantly improve the ...read more
Eco-friendly Agents for Biological Control of Pathogenic Diseases
The discovery of an alternative biological approach to disease management includes work on medicinal products derived from natural sources as a starting point for the development of eco-friendly agents for these diseases and the injuries they cause, as well as reducing human contact with hazardous chemicals and their residues. We ...read more
Emerging trends in diseases mechanisms, noble drug targets and therapeutic strategies: focus on immunological and inflammatory disorders
Recently infectious and inflammatory diseases have been a key concern worldwide due to tremendous morbidity and mortality world Wide. Recent, nCOVID-9 pandemic is a good example for the emerging infectious disease outbreak. The world is facing many emerging and re-emerging diseases out breaks at present however, there is huge lack ...read more
Exploring Spectral Graph Theory in Combinatorial Chemistry
Scope of the Thematic Issue: Combinatorial chemistry involves the synthesis and analysis of a large number of diverse compounds simultaneously. Traditional methods rely on brute force experimentation, which can be time-consuming and resource-intensive. Spectral Graph Theory, a branch of mathematics dealing with the properties of graphs in relation to the ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
To Analyze the Amelioration of Phenobarbital Induced Oxidative Stress by Erucin, as Indicated by Biochemical and Histological Alterations
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Synthesis, Anticonvulsant Evaluation of 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7-alkoxy-1H-2-benzazepin-1-ones
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Biological Evaluation of Imidazobenzoxazines, Imidazobenzoxazin-5-ones and Imidazobenzoxazin-5-thiones as Sodium Channel Blockers
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery TRP Channels as Novel Targets for Endogenous Ligands: Focus on Endocannabinoids and Nociceptive Signalling
Current Neuropharmacology Antiepileptic Drugs Based on the α-Substituted Amide Group Pharmacophore: From Chemical Crystallography to Molecular Pharmaceutics
Current Pharmaceutical Design Nanoparticle- and Liposome-carried Drugs: New Strategies for Active Targeting and Drug Delivery Across Blood-brain Barrier
Current Drug Metabolism The Influence of Genetic Variations and Drug Interactions Based on Metabolism of Antidepressants and Anticonvulsants
Current Drug Metabolism Synthesis, Anticonvulsant and Binding Interaction Study of Novel Piperamides with Bovine Serum Albumin by Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Inhibition of Monoamine Neurotransmitter Transporters andCentral Nervous System Stimulation Induced by Synthetic Local Anesthetics and Cocaine: A Comparative Review
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Central Nervous System Agents Pharmacogenomics of Cardiovascular Complications in Diabetes and Obesity
Recent Patents on Biotechnology A Review Focused on Molecular Mechanisms of Anxiolytic Effect of <i>Valerina officinalis</i> L. in Connection with Its Phytochemistry through <i>in vitro/in vivo</i> Studies
Current Pharmaceutical Design Preface
Current Pharmaceutical Design Immunoproteasome in Cancer and Neuropathologies: A New Therapeutic Target?
Current Pharmaceutical Design An Overview of HDAC Inhibitors and their Synthetic Routes
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ENaC in the Brain - Future Perspectives and Pharmacological Implications
Current Molecular Pharmacology The Metabolism of Methazolamide - Identification of Metabolites in Guinea Pig Urine
Drug Metabolism Letters Recent Advances in the Discovery of α1-Adrenoceptor Agonists
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Neuroimaging of the Serotonin Transporter: Possibilities and Pitfalls
Current Psychiatry Reviews Development of a Registry for Down Syndrome in the Gulf Area of the Middle East
Applied Clinical Research, Clinical Trials and Regulatory Affairs The Progress Towards the Development of DHQO Derivatives and Related Analogues with Inotropic Effects
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry