Abstract
The skin is the major interface between the body and the environment. The cutaneous metabolic activity has been identified and widely studied in recent years. It is clear that active enzymes in viable skin tissues have a capacity for bio-transforming topically applied compounds, with a consequence of an altered pharmacological effect. Although the extent of cutaneous metabolism is modest compared to major metabolism in liver, it is important to consider the effect of inherent metabolic function on both local and systematic transdermal delivery. In this review, recent literatures concerning in vitro & in vivo models and techniques used in the study of skin metabolic processes were summarized. The potential influence from skin transporters, diseased conditions, and the chemicals used in skin absorption studies on cutaneous metabolic function, was then discussed. We also reviewed the prodrug design strategy and its applications in transdermal drug delivery.
Keywords: Cutaneous metabolism, transdermal drug delivery, enzymes, transporters, prodrug
Current Drug Metabolism
Title: Cutaneous Metabolism in Transdermal Drug Delivery
Volume: 10 Issue: 3
Author(s): Qian Zhang, Jeffrey E. Grice, Guangji Wang and Michael S. Roberts
Affiliation:
Keywords: Cutaneous metabolism, transdermal drug delivery, enzymes, transporters, prodrug
Abstract: The skin is the major interface between the body and the environment. The cutaneous metabolic activity has been identified and widely studied in recent years. It is clear that active enzymes in viable skin tissues have a capacity for bio-transforming topically applied compounds, with a consequence of an altered pharmacological effect. Although the extent of cutaneous metabolism is modest compared to major metabolism in liver, it is important to consider the effect of inherent metabolic function on both local and systematic transdermal delivery. In this review, recent literatures concerning in vitro & in vivo models and techniques used in the study of skin metabolic processes were summarized. The potential influence from skin transporters, diseased conditions, and the chemicals used in skin absorption studies on cutaneous metabolic function, was then discussed. We also reviewed the prodrug design strategy and its applications in transdermal drug delivery.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Zhang Qian, Grice E. Jeffrey, Wang Guangji and Roberts S. Michael, Cutaneous Metabolism in Transdermal Drug Delivery, Current Drug Metabolism 2009; 10 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920009787846350
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920009787846350 |
Print ISSN 1389-2002 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5453 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Exploring oxidative stress and the anti-oxidant defense system in chronic diseases: therapeutic strategies and future perspective
Ageing is facilitated by oxidative stress (OS), which happens spontaneously. Several studies have demonstrated that OS over an extended period of time has a role in the emergence of several chronic illnesses. Diabetes, cancer, and heart disease are a few examples of these ailments. An imbalance between the body's antioxidants ...read more
Impact of brain tissue binding and plasma protein binding of drugs in DMPK
The impression of brain tissue binding (BTB) or plasma protein binding (PPB) in Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics is critical to understanding the distribution, efficacy, and potential toxicity of drugs that target the central nervous system (CNS). BTB and high PPB influence the distribution of drugs in the body and their ...read more
Interaction between drugs and endocrine diseases
The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy accelerated studies and our understanding on the interaction between pharmacological therapies and endocrine diseases. Drugs can precipitate endocrine via different mechanisms, including direct alteration of hormone production and secretion, dysregulation of hormonal axis, effects on hormonal transport, receptor-binding, and cellular signalling. Common drug-induced ...read more
Safety evaluation of vaccine combination
Vaccine combination safety evaluation is a critical field within immunology and public health that focuses on assessing the safety and efficacy of combining different vaccines to maximize protection against various diseases while minimizing potential adverse effects. This process is significant because it ensures that vaccines can be administered together without ...read more
Related Journals
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Advances in Adjuvant Therapy Against Acute Bacterial Meningitis
Current Drug Targets - Infectious Disorders Spontaneous (Autoimmune) Chronic Urticaria in Children: Current Evidences, Diagnostic Pitfalls and Therapeutic Management
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Inducers of Heme Oxygenase-1
Current Pharmaceutical Design Treatment of Graves Hyperthyroidism with Thionamides-Derived Drugs: Review
Medicinal Chemistry Effects on Cytokines and Histology by Treatment with the Ace Inhibitor Captopril and the Antioxidant Retinoic Acid in the Monocrotaline Model of Experimentally Induced Lung Fibrosis
Current Pharmaceutical Design N-Methyl D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor Antagonists and Memantine Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease, Vascular Dementia and Parkinson’s Disease
Current Alzheimer Research The Meaning of Different Forms of Structural Myocardial Injury, Immune Response and Timing of Infarct Necrosis and Cardiac Repair
Current Vascular Pharmacology Sexual Dimorphism in Autoimmune Disease
Current Molecular Medicine Leptin-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction: A Target for Therapeutic Interventions
Current Pharmaceutical Design Arterial Stiffness As A Therapeutic Target For Isolated Systolic Hypertension: Focus on Vascular Calcification and Fibrosis
Current Hypertension Reviews Editorial: MRI of the Small Bowel
Current Medical Imaging Ambiguities in Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Ongoing Concepts and Potential Biomarkers for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Narrative Review
Current Rheumatology Reviews Prevention of Ischemic Stroke: Antithrombotic Therapy in Cardiac Embolism
Current Drug Targets Anti-Endothelial Cell Antibodies in Patients with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Current Neurovascular Research Current and Future Challenges in Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Multimodalities Imaging of Immunoglobulin 4-related Cardiovascular Disorders
Current Cardiology Reviews 4’-Aminochalcones As Novel Inhibitors of the Chlorinating Activity of Myeloperoxidase
Current Medicinal Chemistry Sex Steroids in Autoimmune Diseases
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry HLA-G - From Fetal Tolerance to a Regulatory Molecule in Inflammatory Diseases
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) The Potential Role of Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Epilepsy Pathogenesis
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets