Abstract
This review addresses two major functions of apolipoprotein (apo) A5 including (1) its role in maintaining normal plasma levels of circulating triglyceride (TG) and (2) its role as a component of hepatic lipid droplets. ApoA5 is synthesized solely in the liver and circulating concentrations are extremely low. In the plasma, ApoA5 associates with TG-rich lipoproteins and enhances TG hydrolysis and remnant lipoprotein clearance. ApoA5 loss-of-function single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with reduced lipolysis, poor remnant clearance and concomitantly, hypertriglyceridemia. Although there have been substantial breakthroughs in understanding pathophysiology associated with secreted ApoA5, there is a paucity of knowledge on the functionality of intracellular ApoA5. However, recent studies indicate that overexpression of intracellular ApoA5 is positively associated with accumulation of TG-rich lipid droplets in hepatocytes. It is thought that ApoA5 may have a causal role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and thus, may serve as a target for developing therapeutics for NAFLD.
Keywords: Apolipoprotein A5, hepatocytes, hypertriglyceridemia, lipid-droplets, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, single nucleotide polymorphisms, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.
Current Drug Targets
Title:Apolipoprotein A5: Extracellular and Intracellular Roles in Triglyceride Metabolism
Volume: 16 Issue: 12
Author(s): Trudy M. Forte and Robert O. Ryan
Affiliation:
Keywords: Apolipoprotein A5, hepatocytes, hypertriglyceridemia, lipid-droplets, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, single nucleotide polymorphisms, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.
Abstract: This review addresses two major functions of apolipoprotein (apo) A5 including (1) its role in maintaining normal plasma levels of circulating triglyceride (TG) and (2) its role as a component of hepatic lipid droplets. ApoA5 is synthesized solely in the liver and circulating concentrations are extremely low. In the plasma, ApoA5 associates with TG-rich lipoproteins and enhances TG hydrolysis and remnant lipoprotein clearance. ApoA5 loss-of-function single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with reduced lipolysis, poor remnant clearance and concomitantly, hypertriglyceridemia. Although there have been substantial breakthroughs in understanding pathophysiology associated with secreted ApoA5, there is a paucity of knowledge on the functionality of intracellular ApoA5. However, recent studies indicate that overexpression of intracellular ApoA5 is positively associated with accumulation of TG-rich lipid droplets in hepatocytes. It is thought that ApoA5 may have a causal role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and thus, may serve as a target for developing therapeutics for NAFLD.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Forte M. Trudy and Ryan O. Robert, Apolipoprotein A5: Extracellular and Intracellular Roles in Triglyceride Metabolism, Current Drug Targets 2015; 16 (12) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450116666150531161138
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450116666150531161138 |
Print ISSN 1389-4501 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5592 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
New drug therapy for eye diseases
Eyesight is one of the most critical senses, accounting for over 80% of our perceptions. Our quality of life might be significantly affected by eye disease, including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, dry eye, etc. Although the development of microinvasive ocular surgery reduces surgical complications and improves overall outcomes, medication therapy is ...read more
RNA Molecules in the Treatment of Human Diseases
Messenger and non-coding RNAs, including long and small transcripts, are mediators of gene expression. Gene expression at the RNA level shows significant aberrations in human diseases, including cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders. Human transcripts serve either as biomarkers of diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of treatment response and/or therapy ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Neutralizing Antibodies in HIV Treatment
Current Biotechnology T Cell Immunity to HIV: Defining Parameters of Protection
Current HIV Research Spots, Blots, Peaks and Chips: Proteomic Approaches in Autoimmune Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Insulin Resistance and Alzheimers Disease: Molecular Links & Clinical Implications
Current Alzheimer Research Multiple Sclerosis – Established and Novel Therapeutic Approaches
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Chemokines and Persistent Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Hunting for Therapeutic Targets
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents Gene Transfer to Sperm and Testis: Future Prospects of Gene Therapy for Male Infertility
Current Gene Therapy Mechanism(s) Involved in Opioid Drug Abuse Modulation of HAND
Current HIV Research Clinical and Genetic Features of Warts, Hypogammaglobulinemia, Infections and Myelokathexis (WHIM) Syndrome
Current Molecular Medicine Probing Multidrug Resistance P-glycoprotein Transporter Activity with SPECT Radiopharmaceuticals
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Mechanical Support in Cardiogenic Shock Complicating Acute Coronary Syndrome: Ready for Prime Time?
Current Vascular Pharmacology Autoimmunity and Apoptosis - Therapeutic Implications
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Role of iNOS in Chronic Inflammatory Processes In Vivo: Is it Damage-Promoting, Protective, or Active at all?
Current Molecular Medicine Intracellular Amyloid β-Protein and Its Associated Molecules in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimers Disease
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Therapeutic Potential of Inhibiting Brutons Tyrosine Kinase, (BTK)
Current Pharmaceutical Design Individual Differences and Vulnerability to Drug Addiction: A Focus on the Endocannabinoid System
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets The Normal and Pathologic Roles of the Alzheimer's β-secretase, BACE1
Current Alzheimer Research Effects of Drug Transporters on Pharmacological Responses and Safety
Current Drug Metabolism Novel Immunosuppressive Strategies for Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes: A Focus on Alemtuzumab
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Forms of Iron Binding in the Cells and the Chemical Features of Chelation Therapy
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry