Abstract
Locus coeruleus (LC) neurons in the brainstem send extensive noradrenergic (NE)-ergic terminals to the majority of brain regions, particularly those involved in cognitive function. Both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Down syndrome (DS) are characterized by similar pathology including significant LC degeneration and dysfunction of the NE-ergic system. Extensive loss of NE-ergic terminals has been linked to alterations in brain regions vital for cognition, mood, and executive function. While the mechanisms by which NE-ergic abnormalities contribute to cognitive dysfunction are not fully understood, emergent evidence suggests that rescue of NE-ergic system can attenuate neuropathology and cognitive decline in both AD and DS. Therapeutic strategies to enhance NE neurotransmission have undergone limited testing. Among those deployed to date are NE reuptake inhibitors, presynaptic α-adrenergic receptor antagonists, NE prodrugs, and β-adrenergic agonists. Here we examine alterations in the NE-ergic system in AD and DS and suggest that NE-ergic system rescue is a plausible treatment strategy for targeting cognitive decline in both disorders.
Keywords: Adrenergic system, Alzheimer’s disease, β-Adrenergic, Monoaminergic systems, Down syndrome, Dementia, Locus coeruleus.
Current Alzheimer Research
Title:Noradrenergic System in Down Syndrome and Alzheimer’s Disease A Target for Therapy
Volume: 13 Issue: 1
Author(s): Cristy Phillips, Atoossa Fahimi, Devsmita Das, Fatemeh S. Mojabi, Ravikumar Ponnusamy and Ahmad Salehi
Affiliation:
Keywords: Adrenergic system, Alzheimer’s disease, β-Adrenergic, Monoaminergic systems, Down syndrome, Dementia, Locus coeruleus.
Abstract: Locus coeruleus (LC) neurons in the brainstem send extensive noradrenergic (NE)-ergic terminals to the majority of brain regions, particularly those involved in cognitive function. Both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Down syndrome (DS) are characterized by similar pathology including significant LC degeneration and dysfunction of the NE-ergic system. Extensive loss of NE-ergic terminals has been linked to alterations in brain regions vital for cognition, mood, and executive function. While the mechanisms by which NE-ergic abnormalities contribute to cognitive dysfunction are not fully understood, emergent evidence suggests that rescue of NE-ergic system can attenuate neuropathology and cognitive decline in both AD and DS. Therapeutic strategies to enhance NE neurotransmission have undergone limited testing. Among those deployed to date are NE reuptake inhibitors, presynaptic α-adrenergic receptor antagonists, NE prodrugs, and β-adrenergic agonists. Here we examine alterations in the NE-ergic system in AD and DS and suggest that NE-ergic system rescue is a plausible treatment strategy for targeting cognitive decline in both disorders.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Phillips Cristy, Fahimi Atoossa, Das Devsmita, Mojabi S. Fatemeh, Ponnusamy Ravikumar and Salehi Ahmad, Noradrenergic System in Down Syndrome and Alzheimer’s Disease A Target for Therapy, Current Alzheimer Research 2016; 13 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205012666150921095924
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205012666150921095924 |
Print ISSN 1567-2050 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5828 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
New Advances in the Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of Alzheimer's Disease
Aims and Scope: Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing prevalence that demands concerted efforts to advance our understanding and strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. This thematic issue aims to bring together cutting-edge research and innovative approaches from multidisciplinary perspectives to address ...read more
Current updates on the Role of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Neuroinflammation is an invariable hallmark of chronic and acute neurodegenerative disorders and has long been considered a potential drug target for Alzheimer?s disease (AD) and dementia. Significant evidence of inflammatory processes as a feature of AD is provided by the presence of inflammatory markers in plasma, CSF and postmortem brain ...read more
Deep Learning for Advancing Alzheimer's Disease Research
Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing number of individuals affected yearly. Deep learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, has shown immense potential in various domains, including healthcare. This thematic issue of Current Alzheimer Research explores the application of deep learning techniques in advancing our ...read more
Diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers of dementia
Dementia affects 18 million people worldwide. Dementia is a syndrome of symptoms caused by brain disease, usually chronic or progressive, clinically characterized by multiple impairments of higher cortical functions such as memory, thinking, orientation, and learning. In addition, in the course of dementia, cognitive deficits are observed, which often hinder ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Tetramethoxyluteolin for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Genesis of Dihydropyrimidinone Calcium Channel Blockers: Recent Progress in Structure-Activity Relationships and Other Effects
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Buckwheat: A Useful Food and Its Effects on Human Health
Current Nutrition & Food Science Urotensin II: A Vascular Mediator in Health and Disease
Current Vascular Pharmacology Ionophores as Potent Anti-malarials: A Miracle in the Making
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Functional Signaling Biases in G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Game Theory and Receptor Dynamics
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Low Doses of G-CSF Prevent Cerebral Infarction and Maintain Muscle Strength in an Experimental Model of Global Ischemic Stroke
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Advances in the Development of Bradykinin Receptor Ligands
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Vasopressin Secretion Control: Central Neural Pathways, Neurotransmitters and Effects of Drugs
Current Pharmaceutical Design Anti-Endotoxin Agents. 3. Rapid Identification of High-Affinity Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Compounds in a Substituted Polyamine Library
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Contrast Medium Induced Nephropathy: New Insights into Prevention and Risk Management
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Mechanisms of Esophageal Protection, Gastroprotection and Ulcer Healing by Melatonin. Implications for the Therapeutic use of Melatonin in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and Peptic Ulcer Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Synthesis of Biologically Active Catecholic Compounds via ortho-Selective Oxygenation of Phenolic Compounds Using Hypervalent Iodine(V) Reagents
Current Organic Synthesis Regulation of Angiogenesis by the Kallikrein-Kinin System
Current Pharmaceutical Design Pulmonary Vasodilators in the Management of Low Cardiac Output Syndrome After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
Current Vascular Pharmacology Natural Products Based Ayurvedic Formulations: Chemical Cons tituents and Treatment in Neurodegenerative Disordersǂ
Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry Is Nitric Oxide Assuming a Janus-Face in The Central Nervous System?
Current Medicinal Chemistry Chymase as an Important Target for Preventing Complications of Metabolic Syndrome
Current Medicinal Chemistry Dopamine: Agonists and Neurodegenerative Disorders
Current Drug Targets Phytochemical and Pharmacological Activity Profile of Crataegus oxyacantha L. (Hawthorn) - A Cardiotonic Herb
Current Medicinal Chemistry