Archives of Biological Sciences 2016 Volume 68, Issue 1, Pages: 41-50
https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS141218006S
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Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles: An in vitro biosafety study
Sonmez Erdal (Atatürk University, K.K. Education Faculty, Department of Physics, Erzurum, Turkey + Atatürk University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, Advanced Materials Research Laboratory, Erzurum, Turkey)
Aydin Elanur (Erzurum Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum, Turkey)
Turkez Hasan (Erzurum Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum, Turkey + "G. D'Annunzio" University, Department of Pharmacy, Chieti, Italy)
Özbek Elvan (Sakarya University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Sakarya, Turkey)
Togar Basak (Atatürk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Erzurum, Turkey)
Meral Kadem (Erzurum Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum, Turkey + Atatürk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Erzurum, Turkey)
Çetin Damla (Atatürk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Erzurum, Turkey)
Cacciatore Ivana ("G. D Annunzio" University, Department of Pharmacy, Chieti, Italy)
di Stefano Antonio ("G. D Annunzio" University, Department of Pharmacy, Chieti, Italy)
With the development of nanotechnology and the wide use of iron oxide
nanoparticles, it has become necessary to assess the potential adverse
biological effects of magnetite. This study investigated the cytotoxicity,
genotoxicity and oxidative damage of different concentrations of magnetite (0
to 1000 mg/L) in human whole blood cultures. After supplementation of
magnetite, the blood samples were incubated for 72 h. Cell viability was
assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
(MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays. The total antioxidant
capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) were determined to evaluate the
dose-dependent effects of magnetite on the oxidant/antioxidant balance and to
evaluate the potential oxidative injury due to increased oxidative stress.
Genotoxicity was estimated by by the sister chromatid exchange (SCE),
micronuclei (MN) and chromosome aberration (CA) assays and determination of
8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) levels. The results of MTT and LDH assays
showed that the higher concentrations of magnetite (100, 150, 300, 500 and
1000 mg/L) decreased cell viability. Concentrations of magnetite higher than
10 mg/L increased TOS levels and decreased TAC levels in human blood cells.
Increasing concentrations of magnetite caused significant increases in MN,
SCE and CA rates and 8-OH-dG levels. The obtained results showed that
magnetite exerted dose-dependent effects on oxidative damage, genotoxicity
and cytotoxicity in human blood cells.
Keywords: cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, iron oxide, lymphocyte, oxidative stress