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Marital sexual relationships and birth spacing among two Yoruba sub-groups

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 December 2011

Extract

This article is about the marital sexual relationships (MSR) and the timing of the next child among the Ekiti and Ikale sub-groups of the Yoruba. Contrasts in post-partum sexual practices between the two groups allow us to demonstrate the importance of parents' perception of their child's growth and their observance of prohibitions on sexual intercourse during the wife's lactation as factors shaping their decision to have another child. It is argued that the similarity in birth spacing among the two groups, derived from contrasting attitudes to post-partum abstinence, is evidence of an explicit decision on the timing of the next child. Such a decision takes account of the role of the child's growth and social development as it affects adults in the performance of their daily social and economic routines and goes beyond an unquestioned response to quasi-religious taboos. The implications of the findings for fertility prospects are also discussed.

Résumé

Relations sexuelles maritales et espacement des naissances chez deux sous-groupes Yoruba

Une enquête sur les relations sexuelles maritales chez les Ekiti et chez les Ikale, deux sous/groupes ethniques des Yoruba, révèle des différences notables dans le modèle de cessation des rapports sexuels après une naissance et l'observation des taboos en période de lactation. Alors que les Ekiti se rapprochent de la conception populaire de la famille Yoruba quant aux pratiques de formation, consistant à allaiter de façon prolongée (une moyenne de vingt mois) et à s'abstenir de rapports conjugaux (période durant en moyenne vingt-sept mois), les Ikale, eux, observent une période d'abstinence moyenne de neuf mois à cause de l'odeur (àgbòn) produite par les femmes relevant de couches.

L'allaitement est, cependant, prolongé chez les Ikale (une moyenne de dix-sept mois) et son arrêt est indepéndant de la reprise des activités sexuelles. Recherche dans les circonstances determinant l'arrêt de l'allaitement dans les deux groupes révèle le souci des parents de sauvegarder la santé et la croissance de l'enfant, et que c'est ce souci qui produit de longs intervales entre les naissances en dépit des différences dans les relations sexuelles entre les naissances.

Les méthodes qui permettent d'obtenir un espacement adéquat des naissances sont différentes, avec une connaissance ou utilisation des méthodes de contraception moderne insuffisante. Chez les Ekiti une abstinence prolongée est la méthode principale. Mais chez les Ikale il est requis un effort conscient d'éviter une nouvelle grossesse reconnue dangeureuse à la santé et aux chances de survie de l'enfant encore au sein. Par conséquent, l'aménorrhée offre à presque deux tiers des parents une protection initiale, tandis que les autres dépendent d'une application améliorée des méthodes de contraception traditionnelles. La plus notable est l'utilisation de la période d'infertilité dans le cycle menstruel, une proche approximation de la methode des températures.

Type
Sex, marriage, children and divorce
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 1982

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