Summarized research data of bird bone remains remnants from 23 archaeological sites located in the Middle Volga area and referring to the 5^th –18^th centuries AD are presented in the article. The material has been considered in accordance with four cultural-chronological periods: the 5^th to 7^th centuries AD (the Imenkovo culture); the 10^th – first half of the 13^th century (Volga Bulgaria); second half of the 13^th to the 15^th century (the Golden Horde period), and the mid-16^th through 18^th century (the Middle Volga river region within the Russian state). It has been found that the remains of birds from the medieval and post-medieval archaeological sites of the Middle Volga region reflect a wide specific diversity. The data about the time of domestic birds appearance in the Middle Volga region are provided. The quantitative ratio of bone remains of wild and domestic birds in the period from the Early to the Later Middle Ages and afterwards makes it possible to trace the tendency to the increase in the share of domestic birds. Bird utilization by different ethnic groups of the medieval population of the region was diverse: for food, for feathers and down, as well as in ritual and religious practice.