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Diseases of Aquatic Organisms

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DAO 35:145-148 (1999)  -  doi:10.3354/dao035145

First identification of infectious salmon anaemia virus in North America with haemorrhagic kidney syndrome

J. E. Lovely1, B. H. Dannevig2, K. Falk2, L. Hutchin1, A. M. MacKinnon3, K. J. Melville1, E. Rimstad4, S. G. Griffiths1,*

1Research and Productivity Council (RPC), 921 College Hill Road, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 6Z9, Canada
2National Veterinary Institute, PO Box 8156 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway
3Department of Fisheries and Oceans, 345 Archibald Street, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 9B6, Canada
4Department of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Food Hygiene, Norwegian College of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway
*Addressee for correspondence. E-mail:

ABSTRACT: Haemorrhagic kidney syndrome (HKS), a serious disease affecting Atlantic salmon on the east coast of Canada, was determined to be caused by infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) through the isolation of the pathogen on the SHK-1 (salmon head kidney) cell line and confirmation by ISAV-specific immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In addition, the defining histopathology of HKS could be reproduced following the injection of material that rendered challenged fish ISAV-positive by cell culture in the absence of any other detectable pathogen. Preliminary nucleotide sequence comparison does not suggest any direct epidemiological connection between the Canadian and Norwegian isolates.


KEY WORDS: Haemorrhagic kidney syndrome (HKS) · Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) · Atlantic salmon


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