Different Roles of Rumination and Mindfulness among Cyber-Ostracized Adolescents’ Psychological Well-Being
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Cyber-Ostracism and Psychological Well-Being
1.2. Rumination as a Mediator
1.3. Mindfulness as Moderator
2. Participants and Materials
2.1. Participants and Procedure
2.2. Measures
3. Results
3.1. Analytical Strategy
3.2. Preliminary Analyses
3.3. Testing for Mediation Effect
3.4. Testing for Moderated Mediation
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | M | SD | α | CR | AVE | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Gender | 0.48 | 0.50 | - | - | - | |||||
2. Age | 14.20 | 0.95 | - | - | - | −0.08 | ||||
3. Cyber-ostracism | 1.89 | 0.58 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.39 | −0.06 | 0.06 | |||
4. Rumination | 2.41 | 0.61 | 0.86 | 0.86 | 0.39 | 0.09 | 0.12 * | 0.22 *** | ||
5. Mindfulness | 2.29 | 0.75 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.33 | −0.16 ** | −0.05 | −0.20 *** | −0.66 *** | |
6. Psychological well-being | 4.80 | 1.19 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.56 | 0.03 | 0.03 | −0.26 *** | −0.39 *** | 0.43 *** |
Predictors | Model 1 (PS) | Model 2 (Rumination) | Model 3 (PS) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | t | p | β | t | p | β | t | p | |
Gender | 0.02 | 0.32 | 0.75 | 0.11 | 2.42 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 1.23 | 0.21 |
Age | 0.04 | 0.92 | 0.36 | 0.12 | 2.42 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 1.91 | 0.06 |
Cyber-ostracism | −0.26 | −5.45 | 0.00 | 0.22 | 4.69 | 0.00 | −0.18 | −3.90 | 0.00 |
Rumination | −0.36 | −7.90 | 0.00 | ||||||
R2 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.18 | ||||||
F | 10.15 | 0.00 | 10.04 | 0.00 | 24.34 | 0.00 |
β | SE | t | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1: Mediator variable model | ||||
Gender | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.91 |
Age | 0.06 | 0.02 | 2.38 | 0.18 |
Cyber-ostracism | 0.10 | 0.04 | 2.49 | 0.01 |
Mindfulness | −0.51 | 0.03 | −16.58 | 0.00 |
Cyber-ostracism × Mindfulness | −0.12 | 0.04 | −2.81 | 0.01 |
R2 = 0.46, F = 71.14 (p = 0.00) | ||||
Model 2: Dependent variable model | ||||
Gender | 0.20 | 0.10 | 1.92 | 0.05 |
Age | 0.09 | 0.05 | 1.67 | 0.09 |
Cyber-ostracism | −0.34 | 0.09 | −3.82 | 0.00 |
Rumination | −0.27 | 0.11 | −2.50 | 0.01 |
Mindfulness | 0.48 | 0.09 | 5.28 | 0.00 |
Cyber-ostracism × Mindfulness | 0.36 | 0.10 | 3.52 | 0.00 |
R2 = 0.28, F = 26.36 (p = 0.00) | ||||
Conditional direct effect analysis at Mindfulness = M ± SD | β | Boot SE | BootLLCI | BootULCI |
M − 1 SD (−0.75) | −0.61 | 0.12 | −0.84 | −0.37 |
M − 1 SD (0.00) | −0.34 | 0.09 | −0.51 | −0.16 |
M + 1 SD (0.75) | −0.07 | 0.11 | −0.29 | 0.15 |
Conditional indirect effect analysis at Mindfulness = M ± SD | β | Boot SE | BootLLCI | BootULCI |
M − 1 SD (−0.75) | −0.05 | 0.03 | −0.11 | −0.08 |
M − 1 SD (0.00) | −0.03 | 0.02 | −0.06 | −0.002 |
M + 1 SD (0.75) | −0.001 | 0.01 | −0.03 | 0.03 |
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Li, X.; Mu, W.; Wang, Y.; Xie, P.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, T. Different Roles of Rumination and Mindfulness among Cyber-Ostracized Adolescents’ Psychological Well-Being. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 1222. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19031222
Li X, Mu W, Wang Y, Xie P, Zhang Y, Liu T. Different Roles of Rumination and Mindfulness among Cyber-Ostracized Adolescents’ Psychological Well-Being. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(3):1222. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19031222
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Xue, Wenlong Mu, Yu Wang, Peng Xie, Yuwei Zhang, and Ting Liu. 2022. "Different Roles of Rumination and Mindfulness among Cyber-Ostracized Adolescents’ Psychological Well-Being" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3: 1222. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19031222