Assessment of Oxygen Expansion during Internal Bleaching with Enamel and Dentin: A Comparative In Vitro Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Preparation
2.1.1. Enamel Collection
2.1.2. Dentin Collection
2.2. Experimental Design
- -
- Group 1: CP 37% (3 mL) with enamel (2 g).
- -
- Group 2: CP 37% (3 mL) with dentin (2 g).
- -
- Group 3: HP 30% (3 mL) with enamel (2 g).
- -
- Group 4: HP 30% (3 mL) with dentin (2 g).
- -
- Group 5: SP (1 g) mixed with HP 30% (3 mL) and enamel (1 g). (HP 30% + SP with enamel)
- -
- Group 6: SP (1 g) mixed with HP 30% (3 mL) and dentin (1 g). (HP 30% + SP with dentin)
- -
- Group 7: SP (1 g) and enamel (1 g) mixed with distilled water (3 mL).
- -
- Group 8: SP (1 g) and dentin (1 g) mixed with distilled water (3 mL).
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Comparison of the Expansion between Enamel and Dentin for Each Bleaching Group
3.1.1. CP 37%
3.1.2. HP 30%
3.1.3. HP 30% + SP
3.1.4. SP
3.2. Comparison of Expansion of the Different Bleaching Agents with Enamel
3.3. Comparison of Expansion of the Different Bleaching Agents with Dentin
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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(A) Bleaching Agents | Abbreviation | Information |
---|---|---|
Carbamide peroxide (37%) (CH4N2O·H2O2) gel | CP 37% | Whiteness Super 37 FGM, Joinville, SC, Brazil |
Hydrogen peroxide (30%) (H2O2) liquid | HP 30% | Foret, Peroxfarma, Spain |
Sodium perborate (NaBO3) powder | SP | Acofarma Distribution, Spain |
(B) Bleaching groups | ||
CP 37% | Control: CP 37% (n = 30) | |
CP 37% with enamel powder (n = 30) | ||
CP 37% with dentin (n = 30) | ||
HP 30% | Control: HP 30% (n = 30) | |
HP 30% with enamel powder (n = 30) | ||
HP 30% with dentin powder (n = 30) | ||
HP 30% + SP | Control: HP 30% + SP (n = 30) | |
HP 30% + SP with enamel powder (n = 30) | ||
HP 30% + SP with dentin powder (n = 30) | ||
SP | Control: SP with distilled water (n = 30) | |
SP with distilled water and enamel powder (n = 30) | ||
SP with distilled water and dentin powder (n = 30) |
Enamel | |||
---|---|---|---|
Bleaching Agents | Mean | Min. | Max. |
CP 37% (n = 30) | 38.4 | 15 | 61 |
HP 30% (n = 30) | 66.6 | 30 | 104 |
HP 30% + SP (n = 30) | 48.6 | 38 | 67 |
SP (n = 30) | 12.7 | 7 | 24 |
Dentin | |||
CP 37% (n = 30) | 52.06 | 35 | 69 |
HP 30% (n = 30) | 94.5 | 58 | 158 |
HP 30% + SP (n = 30) | 52.7 | 21 | 122 |
SP (n = 30) | 4.4 | 2 | 7 |
Control | |||
CP 37% (n = 30) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
HP 30% (n = 30) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
HP 30% + SP (n = 30) | 42,3 | 19 | 58 |
SP (n = 30) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Enamel | Dentin | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group (n = 30) | Comparative (n = 30) | p-Value | Group (n = 30) | Comparative (n = 30) | p-Value |
CP 37% | HP 30% | <0.001 | CP 37% | HP 30% | <0.001 |
HP 30% + SP | 0.004 | HP 30% + SP | 1.000 | ||
SP | <0.001 | SP | <0.001 | ||
HP 30% | CP 37% | <0.001 | HP 30% | CP 37% | <0.001 |
HP 30% + SP | <0.001 | HP 30% + SP | <0.001 | ||
SP | <0.001 | SP | <0.001 | ||
HP 30% + SP | CP 37% | 0.004 | HP 30% + SP | CP 37% | 1.000 |
HP 30% | <0.001 | HP 30% | <0.001 | ||
SP | <0.001 | SP | <0.001 | ||
SP | CP 37% | <0.001 | SP | CP 37% | <0.001 |
HP 30% | <0.001 | HP 30% | <0.001 | ||
HP 30% + SP | <0.001 | HP 30% + SP | <0.001 |
Multiple Comparisons of Enamel Bleaching Groups | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Groups with Enamel (E1) | Enamel Comparison Groups (E2) | Difference of Means (E1–E2) | Typical Error | p-Value | 95% Confidence Interval | |
Lower Limit | Upper Limit | |||||
CP 37% | HP 30% | 28.294 * | 4.056 | 0.000 | −39.04 | −17.55 |
HP 30% + SP | −10.255 * | 2.831 | 0.004 | −17.80 | −2.71 | |
SP | 25.604 * | 2.634 | 0.000 | 18.52 | 32.69 | |
HP 30% | CP 37% | 28.294 * | 4.056 | 0.000 | 17.55 | 39.04 |
HP 30% + SP | 18.039 * | 3.498 | 0.000 | 8.66 | 27.42 | |
SP | 53.898 * | 3.341 | 0.000 | 44.87 | 62.93 | |
HP 30% + SP | CP 37% | 10.255 * | 2.831 | 0.004 | 2.71 | 17.80 |
HP 30% | −18.039 * | 3.498 | 0.000 | −27.42 | −8.66 | |
SP | 35.859 * | 1.652 | 0.000 | 31.47 | 40.25 | |
SP | CP 37% | −25.604 * | 2.634 | 0.000 | −32.69 | −18.52 |
HP 30% | −53.898 * | 3.341 | 0.000 | −62.93 | −44.87 | |
HP 30% + SP | −35.859 * | 1.652 | 0.000 | −40.25 | −31.47 |
Multiple Comparisons of Dentin Bleaching Groups | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Groups with Dentin (D1) | Dentin Comparison Groups (D2) | Difference of Means (D1–D2) | Typical Error | p-value | 95% Confidence Interval | |
Lower Limit | Upper Limit | |||||
CP 37% | HP 30% | −42.455 * | 5.325 | 0.000 | −56.80 | −28.11 |
HP 30% + SP | −0.640 | 6.239 | 1.000 | −17.50 | 16.21 | |
SP | 47.617 * | 1.753 | 0.000 | 42.85 | 52.38 | |
HP 30% | CP 37% | 42.455 * | 5.325 | 0.000 | 28.11 | 56.80 |
HP 30% + SP | 41.814 * | 7.827 | 0.000 | 21.09 | 62.54 | |
SP | 90.072 * | 5.041 | 0.000 | 76.34 | 103.80 | |
HP 30% + SP | CP 37% | 0.640 | 6.239 | 1.000 | −16.21 | 17.50 |
HP 30% | −90.072 * | 5.041 | 0.000 | −103.80 | −76.34 | |
SP | 48.257 * | 5.998 | 0.000 | 31.92 | 64.60 | |
SP | CP 37% | −47.617 * | 1.753 | 0.000 | −52.38 | −42.85 |
HP 30% | −90.072 | 5.041 | 0.000 | −103.80 | −76.34 | |
HP 30% + SP | −48.257 * | 5.998 | 0.000 | −64.60 | −31.92 |
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Pallarés-Serrano, A.; Pallarés-Serrano, S.; Pallarés-Serrano, A.; Pallarés-Sabater, A. Assessment of Oxygen Expansion during Internal Bleaching with Enamel and Dentin: A Comparative In Vitro Study. Dent. J. 2021, 9, 98. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/dj9090098
Pallarés-Serrano A, Pallarés-Serrano S, Pallarés-Serrano A, Pallarés-Sabater A. Assessment of Oxygen Expansion during Internal Bleaching with Enamel and Dentin: A Comparative In Vitro Study. Dentistry Journal. 2021; 9(9):98. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/dj9090098
Chicago/Turabian StylePallarés-Serrano, Alba, Sandra Pallarés-Serrano, Antonio Pallarés-Serrano, and Antonio Pallarés-Sabater. 2021. "Assessment of Oxygen Expansion during Internal Bleaching with Enamel and Dentin: A Comparative In Vitro Study" Dentistry Journal 9, no. 9: 98. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/dj9090098