Outdoor Fitness Equipment Usage Behaviors in Natural Settings
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Video Content Analysis
2.2. OFE Equipment for Analysis
2.3. Coding Methods
2.4. Data Analysis
2.5. Expert Panel Interview
3. Results
3.1. User Characteristics
3.2. User Behaviors of OFE
3.3. Percentage of Indicative OFE User Behaviors
3.4. Differences in OFE Usage Behaviors among Different Genders and Age Groups
3.5. Results of Expert Panel’s Evaluations
4. Discussion
4.1. Various Types of OFE Usage Behavior
4.2. Potential Risks of OFE Usage Behaviors
4.3. OFE Usage Behaviors: Age Differences
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Coding Number | Behavior | Movement |
---|---|---|
WT-1 | Turn the waist, standing in front of equipment | |
WT-2 | Turn the waist, standing with back turned to the equipment | |
WT-3 | Turn the waist, squatting in front of the equipment | |
WT-4 | Lower body exercise | |
WT-5 | Rotation: 360 degrees | |
WT-6 | Both hands sway while rotating 360 degrees slowly or rotating randomly in any degree range |
Coding Number | Behavior | Movement |
---|---|---|
AW-1 | Stride in reverse direction, standing in front of equipment | |
AW-2 | Two legs stride in the same direction | |
AW-3 | Stride in reverse direction with back turned to the equipment | |
AW-4 | Stride with one leg, standing in front of the equipment | |
AW-5 | Stride with one leg with back turned to the equipment, another leg standing on the land | |
AW-6 | Stand on the same pedal with side lateral to stride |
Coding Number | Behavior | Movement |
---|---|---|
S-1 | Stride side-to-side with using hands and legs | |
S-2 | Stride with hands and legs using the same side | |
S-3 | Stride with legs side-to-side, hands are doing other things or not holding the grips | |
S-4 | Stride with one hand and one leg side-to-side | |
S-5 | Stand on the same pedal with lateral side to stride movement | |
S-6 | Stride with side-to-side movement with hands and legs and back turned to the equipment |
Coding Number | Behavior | Movement |
---|---|---|
WM-1 | Massage back or waist in the vertical direction | |
WM-2 | Massage back or waist in the horizontal direction | |
WM-3 | Massage waist with upper body leaning forward and laying back | |
WM-4 | Massaging hands | |
WM-5 | Massaging abdomen | |
WM-6 | Others (Upper body stretching exercise; Upper body exercise; Chatting or taking a break in any posture) | (Upper body exercise) |
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OFE | Triple Waist Twister | Air Walker | Ski Machine | Waist/Back Massager | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Users counts | 142 | 195 | 96 | 60 | |||||
Behaviors | Indicative behavior Count (%) | Non- indicative behavior Count (%) | Indicative behavior Count (%) | Non- indicative behavior Count (%) | Indicative behavior Count (%) | Non- indicative behavior Count (%) | Indicative behavior Count (%) | Non- indicative behavior Count (%) | |
Age groups | |||||||||
Children | 15 (7.8%) | 7 (3.7%) | 10 (3.2%) | 36 (11.3%) | 11 (8.0%) | 25 (18.4%) | 8 (8.3%) | 9 (9.4%) | |
Teenager | 7 (3.6%) | 2 (1.0%) | 6 (1.9%) | 5 (1.5%) | 7 (5.1%) | 8 (5.9%) | 2 (2.0%) | 0 (0%) | |
Adult | 38 (19.7%) | 20 (10.3%) | 65 (20.4%) | 44 (13.8%) | 26 (19.1%) | 15 (11.0%) | 23 (24.0%) | 12 (12.5%) | |
Senior | 75 (38.9%) | 29 (15.0%) | 93 (29.2%) | 60 (18.8%) | 31 (22.8%) | 13 (9.6%) | 29 (30.3%) | 13 (13.5%) | |
Total (=Behavior counts) | 135 (70%) | 58 (30%) | 174 (54.7%) | 145 (45.4%) | 75 (55%) | 61 (44.9%) | 62 (64.6%) | 34 (35.4%) | |
Chi-squared | 1.07 | 23.51 *** | 14.54 ** | 3.76 | |||||
p-value | .8052 | .0005 | .002 | .363 |
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Chow, H.-w.; Wu, D.-R. Outdoor Fitness Equipment Usage Behaviors in Natural Settings. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 391. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph16030391
Chow H-w, Wu D-R. Outdoor Fitness Equipment Usage Behaviors in Natural Settings. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(3):391. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph16030391
Chicago/Turabian StyleChow, Hsueh-wen, and Dai-Rong Wu. 2019. "Outdoor Fitness Equipment Usage Behaviors in Natural Settings" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 3: 391. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph16030391