The Impact of Environmental Regulation on the Location of Pollution-Intensive Industries in China under Agglomeration Effect
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Research Framework and Hypothesis Development
3.1. ER and Site Selection of New PIFs
3.2. The Mediating Effects of Agglomeration Economy
3.3. The Moderating Effects of Economic Development Level
4. Data Source and New Chemical Firms’ Location Dynamics in China
4.1. Data Sources
4.2. Dynamics of the Location of New Chemical Firms in China
5. Empirical Analysis
5.1. Mediating Effect Test of Agglomeration Economy
5.2. Moderated Mediating Effect Test
5.3. The Influence of ER on Site Selection of Newly Built Chemical Enterprises in Different Years
6. Conclusions and Discussion
6.1. Conclusions
6.2. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable Set | Variable Definition | Calculation Methods (Dimension) | Data Sources | Basic Statistics | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | Std. | Min. | Max. | Obs. | ||||
Dependent variable | The number of new chemical firms in each city, lnY | Y = N + 1, N is the number of new chemical firms with registered capital of more than 1 RMB | ★☆* | 3.069 | 1.158 | 0.000 | 6.571 | 562 |
Independent variables | Environmental regulation, lnER | (dimensionless) | ●@○ | 0.712 | 0.116 | 0.426 | 0.996 | 562 |
Agglomeration economy, AE | (dimensionless) | ∆ | 0.719 | 1.568 | 0.000 | 14.776 | 562 | |
Control variables | Economic development level, lnAGDP | Percapita gross national product, taking the natural logarithm (constant price, 100 M yuan) | ● ※ | 10.624 | 0.605 | 9.037 | 12.050 | 562 |
Traffic condition, lnTC | Highway freight volume, taking the natural logarithm (10 K tons) | ● | 9.048 | 0.874 | 6.324 | 17.013 | 562 | |
Labor wages, lnLW | Wages of on-the-job employees, taking the natural logarithm) (constant price, yuan/year) | ● ※ | 10.550 | 0.212 | 9.876 | 11.233 | 562 |
Mediation Effect Test | Moderated Mediation Effect Test | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AE Model 1A | lnY Model 1B | AE Model 2A | lnY Model 2B | |||||||||
β | t | 95% CI | β | t | 95% CI | β | t | 95% CI | β | t | 95% CI | |
ERit−1 | −0.16 ** | −2.15 | [−0.14, −0.01] | −0.05 ** | −2.29 | [−0.13, −0.04] | −0.08 *** | −2.65 | [−0.16, −0.02] | −0.06 ** | −2.04 | [−0.07, −0.02] |
AEit−1 | 0.32 *** | 4.57 | [0.18, 0.45] | 0.30 *** | 4.61 | [0.18, 0.46] | ||||||
ERit−1 × lnAGDPit−1 | 0.11 *** | 2.72 | [0.11, 0.71] | −0.26 *** | −2.35 | [−0.70, −0.19] | ||||||
lnAGDPit−1 | 0.32 *** | 4.61 | [0.18, 0.46] | 0.04 | 0.91 | [−0.05, 0.13] | ||||||
lnTCit−1 | 0.52 *** | 3.78 | [0.09, 0.32] | 0.21 *** | 9.59 | [0.42, 0.63] | 0.14 *** | 3.03 | [0.05, 0.23] | 0.11 *** | 9.43 | [0.41, 0.63] |
lnLWit−1 | −0.03 | 1.08 | [−0.04, 0.10] | −0.05 | −0.62 | [−0.07, 0.16] | −0.07 | −0.92 | [−0.28, 0.04] | −0.03 | −0.65 | [−0.10, 0.16] |
cons | 0.04 ** | 2.06 | [0.00, 0.07] | 0.17 *** | 4.26 | [0.09, 0.25] | −0.07 ** | −2.20 | [−0.13, −0.01] | 0.15 *** | 4.11 | [0.07, 0.22] |
R2 | 0.14 | 0.38 | 0.15 | 0.44 | ||||||||
F | 15.26 *** | 41.46 *** | 9.88 *** | 28.26 *** |
Economic Development Level | Effect Value | Boot SE | Boot 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|
The mediating effect of AE (with moderating variable) | Effect1 (lnAGDP = M − 1SD) | 0.009 | 0.012 | [−0.02, 0.03] |
Effect2 (lnAGDP = M) | 0.028 | 0.011 | [0.01, 0.05] | |
Effect3 (lnAGDP = M + 1SD) | 0.047 | 0.020 | [0.01, 0.09] |
Mediation Effect Test | Moderated Mediation Effect Test | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AE | lnY | AE | lnY | |||||||||
β | t | 95% CI | β | t | 95% CI | β | t | 95% CI | β | t | 95% CI | |
ERit−1 | −0.23 *** | −2.63 | [−0.12, −0.01] | −0.01 ** | −2.17 | [−0.08, −0.01] | −0.14 ** | −2.44 | [−0.21,−0.02] | −0.03 ** | −1.99 | [−0.06, −0.01] |
AEit−1 | 0.39 *** | 3.94 | [0.26,0.77] | 0.32 *** | 4.51 | [0.23, 0.56] | ||||||
ERit−1×lnAGDPit−1 | 0.15 ** | 2.10 | [0.17, 0.33] | −0.28 *** | −2.47 | [−0.78, −0.13] | ||||||
lnAGDPit−1 | 0.36 *** | 6.09 | [0.24, 0.48] | 0.01 | 0.34 | [−0.06, 0.04] | ||||||
lnTCit−1 | 0.61 *** | 8.03 | [0.01, 0.12] | 0.27 *** | 5.16 | [0.54, 0.82] | 0.41 *** | 5.77 | [0.10, 0.43] | 0.06 ** | 2.01 | [0.05, 0.23] |
lnLWit−1 | −0.01 | −0.40 | [−0.07, 0.04] | −0.05 | −1.25 | [−0.04, 0.12] | −0.02 | −0.71 | [−0.03, 0.29] | −0.03 | −0.34 | [−0.13, 0.09] |
cons | 0.04 ** | 2.06 | [0.00, 0.07] | 0.04 ** | 2.06 | [0.04, 0.83] | −0.05 | 0.13 | [−0.13, −0.01] | 0.14 *** | 6.17 | [0.08, 0.62] |
R2 | 0.03 | 0.35 | 0.07 | 0.43 | ||||||||
F | 6.71 *** | 37.20 *** | 4.32 *** | 34.70 *** |
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Wu, Y.; Yu, S.; Duan, X. The Impact of Environmental Regulation on the Location of Pollution-Intensive Industries in China under Agglomeration Effect. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 4045. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18084045
Wu Y, Yu S, Duan X. The Impact of Environmental Regulation on the Location of Pollution-Intensive Industries in China under Agglomeration Effect. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(8):4045. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18084045
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Yinhao, Shumin Yu, and Xiangdong Duan. 2021. "The Impact of Environmental Regulation on the Location of Pollution-Intensive Industries in China under Agglomeration Effect" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8: 4045. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18084045