Growth and Photosynthetic Activity of Selected Spelt Varieties (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta L.) Cultivated under Drought Conditions with Different Endophytic Core Microbiomes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Colonization of Roots by Fungi
2.2. Physiological State of Plants during the Stress Period Induced in the BBCH 65–69 Phase
2.3. Dry Matter Accumulation in the Parts of Plant
2.4. Root Growth and Dry Matter Accumulation in the Roots
2.5. Identification and Diversity of Fungi Isolated from Internal Root Tissues and Rhizosphere
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Experimental Procedure
4.2. Parameters Measured during the Stress Period Induced in the BBCH 65–69 Phase
4.2.1. Relative Water Content
4.2.2. Leaf Chlorophyll Fluorescence
4.2.3. Leaf Gas Exchange and Water Use Efficiency (WUE)
4.3. Parameters Measured during the BBCH 73–77 Phase
4.3.1. Biomass Production
4.3.2. Microscopic Observations of the Root Surface
4.3.3. Fungi Isolation
4.3.4. Fungi Identification
4.4. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Factors | df | Dry Weight of | Root | rc | RWC | Y | ETR | Fv/Fm | A | E | WUE | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ab | Sp | Sk | R | v | l | ||||||||||
Water (W) | 1 | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ns | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ns |
Variety (G) | 3 | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ns | ** | ** | ns | ** | ** |
Inoculation (I) | 2 | ** | * | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ns | ns | ns | * | ns | ** |
W × G | 3 | ** | ** | * | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | * | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
W × I | 2 | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | * | * | ** | ns | ** | ** | * |
G × I | 6 | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
W × G × I | 6 | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | * | ** | ** | ** | ** | ns |
Error | 120 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -- | - | - |
Variety | ‘Dakotana’ | ‘Badenstern’ | ‘Badenkrone’ | ‘Zollernspelz’ |
---|---|---|---|---|
H | 2.52 | 2.49 | 2.42 | 2.58 |
E | 0.87 | 0.88 | 0.94 | 0.93 |
Water Regime | Mycorrhizal Inoculation | H | E |
---|---|---|---|
Well-watered | c | 2.47 | 0.91 |
ni | 2.54 | 0.94 | |
i | 2.13 | 0.86 | |
Drought | c | 2.10 | 0.97 |
ni | 2.11 | 0.92 | |
i | 1.41 | 0.79 |
Variety | ‘Dakotana’ | ‘Badenstern’ | ‘Badenkrone’ | ‘Zollernspelz’ | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
i | c | ni | i | c | ni | i | c | ni | i | c | ni | |
Well-watered | ||||||||||||
H | 1.04 | 1.15 | 2.04 | 1.55 | 1.79 | 1.95 | 1.56 | 1.39 | 0.69 | 1.04 | 1.61 | 1.61 |
E | 0.95 | 0.83 | 0.98 | 0.96 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.95 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Drought | ||||||||||||
H | 1.05 | 0.56 | 1.56 | 0.64 | 1.10 | 0.64 | 0.64 | 1.33 | 1.39 | 1.33 | 1.33 | 1.39 |
E | 0.76 | 0.81 | 0.97 | 0.92 | 1.00 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.96 | 1.00 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 1.00 |
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Ratajczak, K.; Sulewska, H.; Błaszczyk, L.; Basińska-Barczak, A.; Mikołajczak, K.; Salamon, S.; Szymańska, G.; Dryjański, L. Growth and Photosynthetic Activity of Selected Spelt Varieties (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta L.) Cultivated under Drought Conditions with Different Endophytic Core Microbiomes. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 7987. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms21217987
Ratajczak K, Sulewska H, Błaszczyk L, Basińska-Barczak A, Mikołajczak K, Salamon S, Szymańska G, Dryjański L. Growth and Photosynthetic Activity of Selected Spelt Varieties (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta L.) Cultivated under Drought Conditions with Different Endophytic Core Microbiomes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(21):7987. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms21217987
Chicago/Turabian StyleRatajczak, Karolina, Hanna Sulewska, Lidia Błaszczyk, Aneta Basińska-Barczak, Katarzyna Mikołajczak, Sylwia Salamon, Grażyna Szymańska, and Leszek Dryjański. 2020. "Growth and Photosynthetic Activity of Selected Spelt Varieties (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta L.) Cultivated under Drought Conditions with Different Endophytic Core Microbiomes" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21: 7987. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms21217987