Lactic Acid and an Acidic Tumor Microenvironment suppress Anticancer Immunity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Lactic Acid and Innate Immune Cells in the TME
2.1. Macrophages
2.2. Natural Killer Cells
2.3. Neutrophils
2.4. Dendritic Cells
2.5. Myeloid Derived Myeloid Suppressor Cells
3. Lactic Acid and T Cells in the TME
3.1. Cytotoxic T Cells
3.2. Regulatory T Cells
4. Mechanisms Used by Lactic Acid to Suppress Anticancer Immunity
4.1. Lactic Acid Inhibits Immune Cell Proliferation and Survival in the TME
4.2. Lactic Acid Induces De-Differentiation of Immune Cells in the TME
4.3. Lactic Acid Acts as a Signaling Molecule
5. Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
TME | tumor microenvironment |
M1 | M1 macrophages |
M2 | M2 macrophages |
Arg1 | arginase 1 |
TAM | tumor associated macrophages |
NK | natural killer |
MCT1 | monocarboxylate transporter 1 |
TANs | tumor associated neutrophils |
DC | dendritic cell |
MDSC | marrow-derived myeloid suppressor cell |
CTL | cytotoxic T lymphocytes |
Tregs | regulatory T cells |
Kla | lysine lactylation |
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Wang, J.X.; Choi, S.Y.C.; Niu, X.; Kang, N.; Xue, H.; Killam, J.; Wang, Y. Lactic Acid and an Acidic Tumor Microenvironment suppress Anticancer Immunity. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 8363. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms21218363
Wang JX, Choi SYC, Niu X, Kang N, Xue H, Killam J, Wang Y. Lactic Acid and an Acidic Tumor Microenvironment suppress Anticancer Immunity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(21):8363. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms21218363
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Joy X., Stephen Y.C. Choi, Xiaojia Niu, Ning Kang, Hui Xue, James Killam, and Yuzhuo Wang. 2020. "Lactic Acid and an Acidic Tumor Microenvironment suppress Anticancer Immunity" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21: 8363. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms21218363