The Attenuated Secretion of Hyaluronan by UVA-Exposed Human Fibroblasts Is Associated with Up- and Downregulation of HYBID and HAS2 Expression via Activated and Inactivated Signaling of the p38/ATF2 and JAK2/STAT3 Cascades
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effects of UVA on the Cytotoxic Properties of Human Dermal Fibroblasts (HDFs)
2.2. Effects of UVA on the Secretion of Hyaluronan (HA) by HDFs
2.3. Molecular Mass Distribution of Secreted HA
2.4. Effects of UVA on mRNA Expression Levels of HAS1/2/3 in HDFs
2.5. Effects of UVA on mRNA Levels of Hyaluronidases (HYAL1/2/3) in HDFs
2.6. Effects of UVA on mRNA and Protein Levels of HYaluronan Binding Protein Involved in HA Depolymerization (HYBID) in HDFs
2.7. Effects of UVA on Intracellular Signaling Pathways in HDFs
2.8. Effects of Signaling Inhibitors on mRNA Expression Levels of HAS2 and HYBID
2.9. Effects of Transfection of c-Fos or ATF-2 siRNAs on the UVA-Induced Increase in HYBID Protein Level in HDFs
2.10. Effects of Inhibitors of Protein Phosphatases on the UVA-Induced Decrease in the Phosphorylation of STAT3 in HDFs
2.11. Effect of Sodium Orthovanadate on the UVA-Decreased mRNA Expression of HAS2 in HDFs
2.12. Effects of Transfection of a Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTPMEG2) siRNA on the UVA-Induced Decrease in the Phosphorylation of STAT3 at Tyr 705 and JAK at Tyr 221 in HDFs
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. Cell Cultures
4.3. Cell Viability Assay
4.4. Measurement of HA
4.5. Real Time qRT-PCR
4.6. siRNA Transfection
4.7. Western Blotting
4.8. UVA Irradiation Procedures
4.9. Characterization of HA Molecular Mass Distribution
4.10. Statistics
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
HA | hyaluronan |
HDFs | human dermal fibroblast |
HYBID | HYaluronan Binding protein Involved in HA Depolymerization |
MMP | matrix-metalloprotease |
HAS | hyaluronan synthases |
HYAL | hyaluronidase |
UV | ultraviolet |
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Primer Name | Sequence | |
---|---|---|
GAPDH | Forward | 5’-GCACCGTCAAGGCGAGAAC-3’ |
Reverse | 5’-TGGTGAAGACGCCAGTGGA-3’ | |
KIAA1199 (HYBID) | Forward | 5’-CCAGGAATGTTGAATGTCT-3’ |
Reverse | 5’-ATTGGCTCTTGGTGAATG-3’ | |
HAS1 | Forward | 5’-ATCCTGCATCAGCGGTCCTC-3’ |
Reverse | 5’-CTGGTTGTACCAGGCCTCAAGAA-3’ | |
HAS2 | Forward | 5’-TCGCAACACGTAACGCAAT-3’ |
Reverse | 5’-ACTTCTCTTTTTCCACCCCATTT-3’ | |
HAS3 | Forward | 5’-AACAAGTACGACTCATGGATTTCCT-3’ |
Reverse | 5’-GCCCGCTCCACGTTGA-3’ | |
PTP-MEG2 | Forward | 5’-TTTATGCAGCTTGGCCCTGTC-3’ |
Reverse | 5’-ACACAGAACCCACCCAGTTTGAG-3’ | |
HYAL1 | Forward | 5’-CGATATGGCCCAAGGCTTTAG-3 |
Reverse | 5’-ACCACATCGAAGACACTGACAT-3’ | |
HYAL2 | Forward | 5’-TTCTACCGCGACCGTCTAGG-3’ |
Reverse | 5’-TGTCCGAATGTAGTGCTCCAC-3’ | |
HYAL3 | Forward | 5’-TGCCTCTTCTTTTCCCTGCTG-3 |
Reverse | 5’-GGGAGGGTTGACTGTAAACTG-3 | |
RPLPO | Forward | 5’- TTCGACAATGGCAGCATCTACAA -3’ |
Reverse | 5’- CTGCAGACAGACACTGGCAACA -3’ |
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Terazawa, S.; Takada, M.; Sato, Y.; Nakajima, H.; Imokawa, G. The Attenuated Secretion of Hyaluronan by UVA-Exposed Human Fibroblasts Is Associated with Up- and Downregulation of HYBID and HAS2 Expression via Activated and Inactivated Signaling of the p38/ATF2 and JAK2/STAT3 Cascades. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 2057. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22042057
Terazawa S, Takada M, Sato Y, Nakajima H, Imokawa G. The Attenuated Secretion of Hyaluronan by UVA-Exposed Human Fibroblasts Is Associated with Up- and Downregulation of HYBID and HAS2 Expression via Activated and Inactivated Signaling of the p38/ATF2 and JAK2/STAT3 Cascades. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(4):2057. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22042057
Chicago/Turabian StyleTerazawa, Shuko, Mariko Takada, Yoriko Sato, Hiroaki Nakajima, and Genji Imokawa. 2021. "The Attenuated Secretion of Hyaluronan by UVA-Exposed Human Fibroblasts Is Associated with Up- and Downregulation of HYBID and HAS2 Expression via Activated and Inactivated Signaling of the p38/ATF2 and JAK2/STAT3 Cascades" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4: 2057. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22042057