CD28null and Regulatory T Cells Are Substantially Disrupted in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease Due to Diabetes Mellitus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Alterations of T Lymphocytes and Their Subpopulations Patients at ESRD-T0
2.1.1. Differences in Neutrophils and Lymphocyte Cells
2.1.2. Differences in CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ Cells
2.1.3. Increase in CD4+CD28null and CD8+CD28null Cells in ESRD and DM
2.1.4. Changes in Natural Killer Cells and Tregs
2.2. Influence of Dialysis on T Lymphocytes—Different Effects after Applying HD or CAPD
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Schedule
4.2. Patients
4.3. Laboratory Measurements
Flow Cytometry
5. Statistics
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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DM | NDM | p | |
---|---|---|---|
N | 28 | 28 | |
Systolic blood pressure (SBP) | 144 ± 26 | 140 ± 25 | NS |
Diastolic dlood pressure (DBP) | 85 ± 23 | 74 ± 31 | NS |
Intimal–medial thickness (IMT) | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | NS |
IMTmax | 0.16 ± 0.23 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | NS |
Comorbid conditions or habits | |||
Smoking (%) | 14 (50) | 13 (46.42) | NS |
Coronary artery disease (%) | 19 (67.85) | 16 (57.14) | NS |
Peripheral artery disease (%) | 13 (46.42) | 4 (14.28) | NS |
Stroke (%) | 2 (7.14) | 1 (3.5) | NS |
Dyslipidemia (%) | 19 (67.85) | 16 (57.14) | NS |
DM | NDM | Controls | p | p (DM vs. NDM) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 28 | 28 | 25 | ||
WCC (K/μL) | 7600 ± 2076 | 7399 ± 2365 | 6726 ± 1314 | NS | NS |
Neutrophils (K/μL) | 5927 ± 1729 | 5029 ± 1985 | 4061 ± 1444 | 0.02 | NS |
Neutrophils (%) | 72 ± 10 | 68 ± 7.5 | 59 ± 13 | 0.008 | NS |
Lymphocytes (K/μL) | 1212 ± 564 | 1435 ± 596 | 2198 ± 556 | 0.0001 | NS |
Lymphocytes (%) | 16.5 ± 9.4 | 19.5 ± 6 | 33.6 ± 9.4 | 0.0001 | NS |
NLR | 6 ± 4.9 | 3.9 ± 2 | 2 ± 1.1 | 0.0001 | NS |
T-cell subtypes | |||||
CD3+CD4+ cells | 622(150–1412) | 693.9(224–1579) | 943(584–1876) | 0.001 | NS |
CD3+CD4+ cells (%) | 43(30–71) | 48.7(27–63) | 49.6(36–66) | NS | NS |
CD3+CD8+ cells | 235(135–600) | 352(102–149) | 406(263–775) | NS | NS |
CD3+CD8+ cells (%) | 23(11–44) | 23(11–47) | 22(9–33) | NS | NS |
CD4+/CD8+ | 1.6(0.7–4.8) | 1.9(0.7–4.3) | 2.3(1–7) | NS | NS |
CD28null cells | 206.8(61–500) | 162.5(12.6–1209) | 155(26–430) | NS | NS |
CD28null (%) | 21.3(4.4–34) | 14.6(1–50) | 7.2(1–17) | 0.005 | 0.02 |
CD4+CD28null | 34.7(14–279) | 20.9(0–550) | 32(0.9–76) | NS | NS |
CD4+CD28null (%) | 11.5(1.5–24) | 4.1(0–42.3) | 2.6(0.1–7.8) | 0.006 | 0.02 |
CD8+CD28null | 132(47–400) | 114(12–735) | 116(25–391) | NS | NS |
CD8+CD28null (%) | 61.3(24–76) | 43(5.7–85) | 39(7.8–57) | 0.008 | 0.04 |
Natural killer cells | 141(56–460) | 174.6(0–617) | 258(119–1060) | 0.01 | NS |
Naural killer cells (%) | 15.3(7.7–31) | 14.6(0–32.5) | 10.9(4.7–40) | NS | NS |
Treg cells | 33.7(12–102) | 34.7(9.9–130) | 66.3(31–119) | 0.001 | NS |
Treg cells (%) | 3.1(1.1–6.7) | 2.8(0.62–8.5) | 2.9(1.6–5.7) | NS | NS |
IRP | 3(1–4) | 3(1–4) | 2(0–4) | 0.006 | NS |
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Sampani, E.; Daikidou, D.-V.; Lioulios, G.; Xochelli, A.; Mitsoglou, Z.; Nikolaidou, V.; Dimitriadis, C.; Fylaktou, A.; Papagianni, A.; Stangou, M. CD28null and Regulatory T Cells Are Substantially Disrupted in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease Due to Diabetes Mellitus. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 2975. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22062975
Sampani E, Daikidou D-V, Lioulios G, Xochelli A, Mitsoglou Z, Nikolaidou V, Dimitriadis C, Fylaktou A, Papagianni A, Stangou M. CD28null and Regulatory T Cells Are Substantially Disrupted in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease Due to Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(6):2975. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22062975
Chicago/Turabian StyleSampani, Erasmia, Dimitra-Vasilia Daikidou, George Lioulios, Aliki Xochelli, Zoi Mitsoglou, Vasiliki Nikolaidou, Chrysostomos Dimitriadis, Asimina Fylaktou, Aikaterini Papagianni, and Maria Stangou. 2021. "CD28null and Regulatory T Cells Are Substantially Disrupted in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease Due to Diabetes Mellitus" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 6: 2975. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22062975