Development of Multilayer Mesenchymal Stem Cell Cell Sheets
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Therapies
2.1. Injection of Single Cells
2.2. Cell Sheet Technology
2.3. Biodistribution
3. Cryopreservation of the Cell Sheets
4. Conclusions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Method | Labelling Method | Detection Depth of the Signal (In Vivo) | Invasive Method | Detection of Living Cells | Safe Methodology For Patients | Animal Size | Data Acquisition Time | Reference | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Direct Cell Visualization | Ultrasound | Incubation | Whole body | No | Can’t be determinated | Yes | Any Animal | Minutes/Hours | [125,126] |
MR Fluorescent (X-ray Fluoresence) | Incubation | Whole body | No | Can’t be determinated | Yes | Any Animal | Minutes/Hours | [122,132,135] | |
Direct Cell Labelling | Fluorescence (e.g., quantum dots, fluorophores) | Incubation | 2–3 mm | No | Can’t be determinated | Potentially Toxic | Small Animals | Secondes/Minutes | [133,139] |
MRI (e.g., SPIO) | Incubation | Whole body | No | Can’t be determinated | Possible Iron Toxicity Harm | Any Animal | Minutes/Hours | [110] | |
SPECT (e.g., 111InOx) | Incubation | Whole body | No | Can’t be determinated | Potential Radioactive Harm | Any Animal | Minutes | [138] | |
PET (e.g., 18F-FDG, 64Cu-PTSM) | Incubation | Whole body | No | Can’t be determinated | Potential Radioactive Harm | Any Animal | Minutes | [124,129] | |
Genetic Modification of the Cells for Cell Detection | Fluorescence (RFP, GFP) | Stable Transfection | Less than 1 cm depth | No | Can’t be determinated | Potential Cell Toxicity | Small animals | Seconds/Minutes | [131,134] |
Bioluminescence (Fluc, Rluc) | Stable Transfection + Probe injection | Less than 3 cm depth | No | Cells are alive | Yes | Small animals | Seconds/Minutes | [123,135] | |
SPECT (NIS, somatostatin) | Stable Transfection + Probe injection | Whole body | No | Cells are alive | Potential Radioactive Harm | Any Animal | Minutes | [127,137] | |
PET (HSV1-tk, D2R) | Stable Transfection + Probe injection | Whole Body | No | Cells are alive | Potential Radioactive Harm and Potential Immunoreactivity with TK | Any Animal | Minutes | [140,141] | |
MRI (Transferrin, Ferritin, Tyrosine) | Stable Transfection + Probe injection | Whole body | No | Cells are alive | Possible Iron Toxicity Harm | Any Animal | Minutes/hours | [128,130] |
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Ochiai, J.; Niihara, Y.; Oliva, J. Development of Multilayer Mesenchymal Stem Cell Cell Sheets. Int. J. Transl. Med. 2021, 1, 4-24. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijtm1010002
Ochiai J, Niihara Y, Oliva J. Development of Multilayer Mesenchymal Stem Cell Cell Sheets. International Journal of Translational Medicine. 2021; 1(1):4-24. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijtm1010002
Chicago/Turabian StyleOchiai, Jun, Yutaka Niihara, and Joan Oliva. 2021. "Development of Multilayer Mesenchymal Stem Cell Cell Sheets" International Journal of Translational Medicine 1, no. 1: 4-24. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijtm1010002