How Diet-Induced Changes in the “Gut-Liver” Axis Affect Chronic Liver Disease Outcome?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Diet Has a Direct Effect on the Gut-Liver Axis
3. The Gut-Liver Axis
4. How Does A HCC Protective Diet Influence the Gut Microbiome?
5. Bacterial Components and Metabolites
5.1. LPS
5.2. LTA
5.3. Bile Acids
6. Epigenetic Control of Treg Cells through SCFAs
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Dietary Food Intake Associated with HCC Risk | |||
---|---|---|---|
Dietary Components | Association Type with HCC Risk | Country of Study | References |
Dietary Fiber | Positive | Europe Rat Model | Fedirko et al. 2013 [17] Daniel et al. 2020 [18] |
Fish | Inverse | Meta-analysis Meta-analysis USA Western Europe | Gao et al. 2015 [14] Huang et al. 2015 [19] Freedman et al. 2010 [20] Fedirko et al. 2013 [17] |
Fruits | Inverse | Meta-analysis Europe | Schwingshackl et al. 2017 [12] Zamora-Ros et al. 2013 [21] |
Glycemic load | Positive | Europe | Fedriko et al. 2013 [17] |
Dairy products | Inverse | Meta-analysis USA | Godos et al. 2020 [8] Yang et al. 2020 [7] |
Red meat | Positive | USA Europe | Ma et al. 2019 [22] Fedriko et al. 2013 [17] |
White Meat | Inverse | Meta-analyses Western Europe | Luo et al. 2014 [11] Fedirko et al. 2013 [17] |
Tea | Inverse | Italy | Talamini et al. 2006 [23] |
Vegetables | Inverse | Bangladesh | Shawon et al. 2020 [15] Zamora-Ros et al. 2013 [21] |
Toll Like Receptors | Cellular Targets in the Liver |
---|---|
TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 | Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) |
TLR2, TLR3, TLR4 and TLR9 | Kupffer cells |
TLR1-9 | Hepatic cells |
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Koumbi, L.; Eliopoulos, A.G.; Vassilopoulou, E. How Diet-Induced Changes in the “Gut-Liver” Axis Affect Chronic Liver Disease Outcome? Livers 2021, 1, 40-48. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/livers1010004
Koumbi L, Eliopoulos AG, Vassilopoulou E. How Diet-Induced Changes in the “Gut-Liver” Axis Affect Chronic Liver Disease Outcome? Livers. 2021; 1(1):40-48. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/livers1010004
Chicago/Turabian StyleKoumbi, Lemonica, Aristides G. Eliopoulos, and Emilia Vassilopoulou. 2021. "How Diet-Induced Changes in the “Gut-Liver” Axis Affect Chronic Liver Disease Outcome?" Livers 1, no. 1: 40-48. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/livers1010004