Microbiota of Cow’s Milk with Udder Pathologies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Samples
2.2. Isolation of DNA
2.3. Amplification of the 16S rRNA Gene
2.4. High-Throughput Sequencing
2.5. Bioinformatic and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Number | Clinical Diagnosis |
---|---|
1–7 | Clinically healthy |
8–14 | Cows with udder irritation |
15–20 | Cows with subclinical mastitis |
21–26 | Cows with mastitis catarrhalis acuta (acute catarrhal mastitis) |
Indicators | Group of Animals | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Clinically Healthy | Cows with Udder Irritation | Cows with Subclinical Mastitis | Cows with Acute Catarrhal Mastitis | |
Temperature, °C | 37.9 ± 0.8 | 37.8 ± 0.9 | 38.4 ± 1.2 | 39.8 ± 1.3 |
Pulse, beats/min | 75.8 ± 5.1 | 77.3 ± 4.9 | 80.4 ± 5.8 | 82.3 ± 6.7 |
Breath, breathing movement/min | 14.5 ± 1.1 | 14.9 ± 1.3 | 15.9 ± 1.1 | 16.6 ± 1.3 |
Reaction with Keno™ test * | −/− | +/− | +/+ | not carried out |
Sediment test | 10-2.1 0.0 | 10-2.0 0.0 | 10-1.5 0.0 | 10-0.5 1.0 |
Somatic cells, thousand/mL | <200 | >400/<200 | >1000 | >3500 |
Milk properties | No changes | No changes | No visible changes | Watery with casein clots |
Phyla | Mean Abundance | SD | Group |
---|---|---|---|
Actinobacteriota | 0.2852 | ±0.1655 | Clinically healthy |
Bacteroidota | 0.0482 | ±0.0273 | |
Firmicutes | 0.5538 | ±0.1603 | |
Proteobacteria | 0.1115 | ±0.0452 | |
Other | 0.0002 | ±0.0008 | |
Actinobacteriota | 0.1712 | ±0.2073 | Udder irritation |
Bacteroidota | 0.0446 | ±0.0318 | |
Firmicutes | 0.6790 | ±0.3069 | |
Proteobacteria | 0.1497 | ±0.1079 | |
Other | 0.0006 | ±0.0019 | |
Actinobacteriota | 0.5419 | ±0.2424 | Subclinical mastitis |
Bacteroidota | 0.0969 | ±0.0755 | |
Firmicutes | 0.6202 | ±0.4266 | |
Proteobacteria | 0.1032 | ±0.0427 | |
Other | 0.0010 | ±0.0022 | |
Actinobacteriota | 0.5144 | ±0.1782 | Acute catarrhal mastitis |
Bacteroidota | 0.0333 | ±0.0125 | |
Firmicutes | 0.3393 | ±0.2169 | |
Proteobacteria | 0.1201 | ±0.0541 | |
Other | 0.0014 | ±0.0028 |
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Gryaznova, M.V.; Syromyatnikov, M.Y.; Dvoretskaya, Y.D.; Solodskikh, S.A.; Klimov, N.T.; Mikhalev, V.I.; Zimnikov, V.I.; Mikhaylov, E.V.; Popov, V.N. Microbiota of Cow’s Milk with Udder Pathologies. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 1974. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms9091974
Gryaznova MV, Syromyatnikov MY, Dvoretskaya YD, Solodskikh SA, Klimov NT, Mikhalev VI, Zimnikov VI, Mikhaylov EV, Popov VN. Microbiota of Cow’s Milk with Udder Pathologies. Microorganisms. 2021; 9(9):1974. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms9091974
Chicago/Turabian StyleGryaznova, Mariya V., Mikhail Y. Syromyatnikov, Yulia D. Dvoretskaya, Sergey A. Solodskikh, Nikolay T. Klimov, Vitaliy I. Mikhalev, Vitaliy I. Zimnikov, Evgeniy V. Mikhaylov, and Vasily N. Popov. 2021. "Microbiota of Cow’s Milk with Udder Pathologies" Microorganisms 9, no. 9: 1974. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms9091974