Albite ± Actinolite-Altered Porphyry Dykes in Archean Gold Deposits of the Boulder Lefroy-Golden Mile Fault System, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia: Petrography, Chronology, and Comparison to Canadian Albitites
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Regional Geologic Setting
3. New Celebration Deposit Geology
Wall-Rock Alteration
4. Materials and Methods
5. Results
5.1. East Porphyry (ca. 2675 Ma)
5.2. Main Porphyry (2676 ± 7 Ma)
5.3. Albite-Actinolite Porphyry (2662 ± 4 Ma)
5.4. Temperature and Age Constraints
5.5. Classification of the Porphyry Suite
6. Discussion
6.1. Older Porphyry Suite (ca. 2675 Ma)
6.2. Younger Porphyry Suite (ca. 2660 Ma)
6.3. Mg-Na Metasomatism
6.4. The East Repulse Albitites
6.5. Dyke Emplacement at New Celebration
6.6. Gold-Related Albitites in Canada
6.7. Syenite-Associated Gold Deposits
7. Summary and Conclusions
- In the Boulder Lefroy-Golden Mile fault system (>2300 t Au), eastern Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia, hematite- and anhydrite-bearing mesothermal gold deposits such as the Golden Mile and New Celebration are associated in space and time with I-type monzodiorite-suite intrusions of adakitic affinity (high Mg, Cr, Ni, V; elevated Pt, Pd). In regional faults of the Abitibi greenstone belt, Canada, this association is evident in the Hollinger-McIntyre and Kerr Addison-Chesterville deposits.
- In the fault zones, mesothermal gold deposits are locally associated with Cu-Au-Ag deposits, such as the epidote-magnetite endoskarns at Mt Shea southeast of Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, and the sericite-albite-anhydrite ore bodies in the McIntyre mine at Timmins, Canada.
- Diagnostic features of gold-related monzodiorite-suite intrusions are the Mg-enrichment due to hornblende crystallization under oxidizing conditions, and the deuteric replacement of hornblende by actinolite and of calcic plagioclase by albite. The end member hydrothermal product of this process may be the pervasive albitization of distal porphyry dykes (albitites), represented by albite-actinolite-pyrite assemblages at New Celebration, and by albite-carbonate-chlorite-pyrite assemblages at Hollinger-McIntyre and Kerr Addison-Chesterville.
- Albitite dykes are an integral part of the hydrothermal systems at Francoeur, Kiena, Kerr Addison-Chesterville and Hollinger-McIntyre in Canada, and at East Repulse and New Celebration in Western Australia. The “intermineral” dyke relationships in this diverse group of deposits provide evidence that ore formation at New Celebration took place during the emplacement of the Albite-Actinolite Porphyry at 2662 ± 4 Ma. Just as their syenite-associated counterparts, oxidized monzodiorite-associated gold deposits must be classified as intrusion-related, distinct from those interpreted as “orogenic”.
- Absolute and relative age constraints in the Boulder Lefroy-Golden Mile fault system are as follows. Gold mineralization at ca. 2660 Ma at New Celebration (this study) and in the Golden Mile [11] was coincident with the transition from D2 sinistral strike-slip to D3 reverse faulting. At Mt Shea and at Kambalda, where reverse faults control Fe-Cu-Au endoskarns and mesothermal gold ore bodies, respectively, D3 faulting was broadly synchronous with the emplacement of monzodiorite-suite porphyries dated at 2662 ± 6 Ma to 2658 ± 4 Ma [5].
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Element | HB-8a Pyrite | HB-6 Gold Ore | Detection Limit in Pyrite |
---|---|---|---|
Ag (ppm) | 0.61 | 1.53 | 0.05 |
As | 36 | 1.1 | 1 |
Au | 0.070 | 11.2 | 0.001 |
Bi | 4.54 | 0.64 | 0.01 |
Cu | 154 | 8.2 | 1 |
Hg | 0.15 | 0.005 | 0.01 |
Mo | 7.7 | 1.5 | 0.1 |
Pb | 34.2 | 34 | 0.5 |
Sb | 0.11 | 0.51 | 0.02 |
Se | 13 | 1.1 | 1 |
Te | 2.85 | 1.57 | 0.01 |
Zn | 5 | 56 | 1 |
Deposit | NC | H-McI | KA-Ch | KA-Ch |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sample no. | HB-8a | 194 | 88.31 (A2) | 88.83 (A3) |
Mineralogy | ab-act-cb | ab-cb-chl | ab-cb-chl | ab-cb-chl-pg |
SiO2 (wt.%) | 61.69 | 47.70 | 44.80 | 44.40 |
TiO2 | 0.48 | 0.55 | 0.57 | 0.75 |
Al2O3 | 15.17 | 11.60 | 10.80 | 10.90 |
Fe2O3 | 3.83 | 6.61 | 6.41 | 8.78 |
MnO | 0.05 | 0.14 | 0.10 | 0.15 |
MgO | 3.13 | 7.42 | 10.40 | 8.65 |
CaO | 3.90 | 7.98 | 8.41 | 7.54 |
Na2O | 8.92 | 3.55 | 3.29 | 4.04 |
K2O | 0.08 | 0.41 | 0.33 | 0.61 |
P2O5 | 0.28 | 0.26 | 0.37 | 0.43 |
H2O | 0.12 | 2.10 | 2.60 | 2.60 |
CO2 | 1.43 | 11.50 | 12.10 | 11.00 |
Sulfur | 1.06 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.56 |
Total | 100.14 | 99.89 | 100.25 | 100.41 |
Au (ppb) | 5 | n.a. | 25 | 490 |
Ag | 50 | n.a. | <10 | 30 |
Cr (ppm) | 130 | 601 | n.a. | n.a. |
Ni | 63 | 128 | n.a. | n.a. |
V | 74 | 174 | n.a. | n.a. |
Nb | 3 | 11 | 5 | 7 |
Y | 8 | 14 | 13 | 20 |
Zr | 127 | 151 | 104 | 123 |
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Mueller, A.G.; McNaughton, N.J.; Muhling, J.R. Albite ± Actinolite-Altered Porphyry Dykes in Archean Gold Deposits of the Boulder Lefroy-Golden Mile Fault System, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia: Petrography, Chronology, and Comparison to Canadian Albitites. Minerals 2021, 11, 1288. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/min11111288
Mueller AG, McNaughton NJ, Muhling JR. Albite ± Actinolite-Altered Porphyry Dykes in Archean Gold Deposits of the Boulder Lefroy-Golden Mile Fault System, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia: Petrography, Chronology, and Comparison to Canadian Albitites. Minerals. 2021; 11(11):1288. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/min11111288
Chicago/Turabian StyleMueller, Andreas G., Neal J. McNaughton, and Janet R. Muhling. 2021. "Albite ± Actinolite-Altered Porphyry Dykes in Archean Gold Deposits of the Boulder Lefroy-Golden Mile Fault System, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia: Petrography, Chronology, and Comparison to Canadian Albitites" Minerals 11, no. 11: 1288. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/min11111288