Tea Bags—Standard Materials for Testing Impacts of Nitrogen Addition on Litter Decomposition in Aquatic Ecosystems?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Incubation Experiment
2.2. Tea Bags
2.3. Tea Bag Index (TBI)
2.4. Statistics
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Effects of N Addition on Tea Decomposition
4.2. Evaluating Tea Bags as Potential Standard Materials to Detect the Impacts of N Addition on Litter Decomposition
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Graça, M.A.S.; Ferreira, V.; Canhoto, C.; Encalada, A.C.; Guerrero-Bolaño, F.; Wantzen, K.M.; Boyero, L. A conceptual model of litter breakdown in low order streams. Int. Rev. Hydrobiol. 2015, 100, 1–12. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- García-Palacios, P.; McKie, B.G.; Handa, I.T.; Frainer, A.; Hättenschwiler, S. The importance of litter traits and decomposers for litter decomposition: A comparison of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems within and across biomes. Funct. Ecol. 2016, 30, 819–829. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Berg, B. Decomposition patterns for foliar litter—A theory for influencing factors. Soil Biol. Biochem. 2014, 78, 222–232. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ferreira, V.; Castagneyrol, B.; Koricheva, J.; Gulis, V.; Chauvet, E.; Graça, M.A.S. A meta-analysis of the effects of nutrient enrichment on litter decomposition in streams. Biol. Rev. 2014, 90, 669–688. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Abelho, M.; Graça, M.A.S. Effects of nutrient enrichment on decomposition and fungal colonization of sweet chestnut leaves in an Iberian stream (central Portugal). Ecology 2006, 560, 239–247. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Triska, F.J.; Sedell, J.R. Decomposition of four species of leaf litter in response to nitrate manipulation. Ecology 1976, 57, 783–792. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Woodward, G.; Gessner, M.O.; Giller, P.S.; Gulis, V.; Hladyz, S.; Lecerf, A.; Malmqvist, B.; McKie, B.G.; Tiegs, S.D.; Cariss, H.; et al. Continental-scale effects of nutrient pollution on stream ecosystem functioning. Science 2012, 336, 1438–1440. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Knorr, M.; Frey, S.D.; Curtis, P.S. Nitrogen additions and litter decomposition: A meta-analysis. Ecology 2005, 86, 3252–3257. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mo, J.; Brown, S.; Xue, J.; Fang, Y.; Li, Z. Response of litter decomposition to simulated N deposition in disturbed, rehabilitated and mature forests in subtropical China. Plant Soil 2006, 282, 135–151. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kaspari, M.; Garcia, M.N.; Harms, K.E.; Santana, M.; Wright, S.J.; Yavitt, J.B. Multiple nutrients limit litterfall and decomposition in a tropical forest. Ecol. Lett. 2007, 11, 35–43. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Mori, T.; Hashimoto, T.; Sakai, Y. Evaluating the tea bag method as a potential tool for detecting the effects of added nutrients and their interactions with climate on litter decomposition. bioRxiv 2021. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Keuskamp, J.A.; Dingemans, B.J.J.; Lehtinen, T.; Sarneel, J.M.; Hefting, M.M. Tea Bag Index: A novel approach to collect uniform decomposition data across ecosystems. Methods Ecol. Evol. 2013, 4, 1070–1075. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Seelen, L.M.; Flaim, G.; Keuskamp, J.; Teurlincx, S.; Font, R.A.; Tolunay, D.; Fránková, M.; Šumberová, K.; Temponeras, M.; Lenhardt, M.; et al. An affordable and reliable assessment of aquatic decomposition: Tailoring the Tea Bag Index to surface waters. Water Res. 2019, 151, 31–43. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bernhardt, E.S.; Likens, G.E. Dissolved organic carbon enrichment alters nitrogen dynamics in a forest stream. Ecology 2002, 83, 1689–1700. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mori, T.; Ono, K.; Sakai, Y. Testing the Tea Bag Index as a potential indicator for assessing litter decomposition in aquatic ecosystems. bioRxiv 2021. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hunter, W.R.; Williamson, A.; Sarneel, J.M. Using the Tea Bag Index to unravel how human pharmaceuticals affect aquatic microbial activity. bioRxiv 2019. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Mueller, P.; Schile-Beers, L.M.; Mozdzer, T.J.; Chmura, G.L.; Dinter, T.; Kuzyakov, Y.; De Groot, A.V.; Esselink, P.; Smit, C.; D’Alpaos, A.; et al. Global-change effects on early-stage decomposition processes in tidal wetlands—Implications from a global survey using standardized litter. Biogeosciences 2018, 15, 3189–3202. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Lalimi, F.Y.; Silvestri, S.; D’Alpaos, A.; Roner, M.; Marani, M. The spatial variability of organic matter and decomposition processes at the marsh scale. J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci. 2018, 123, 3713–3727. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Peralta–Maraver, I.; Perkins, D.M.; Thompson, M.S.A.; Fussmann, K.; Reiss, J.; Robertson, A.L. Comparing biotic drivers of litter breakdown across stream compartments. J. Anim. Ecol. 2019, 88, 1146–1157. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ito, Y.; Miura, S.; Kato, M.; Yoshinaga, S. Regional distribution of nitrate concentrations in the stream water of forested watersheds in the Kanto and Chubu districts. J. Jpn. For. Soc. 2004, 86, 275–278. [Google Scholar]
- Mori, T.; Ohta, S.; Ishizuka, S.; Konda, R.; Wicaksono, A.; Heriyanto, J.; Hardjono, A. Effects of phosphorus addition with and without ammonium, nitrate, or glucose on N2O and NO emissions from soil sampled under Acacia mangium plantation and incubated at 100 % of the water-filled pore space. Biol. Fertil. Soils 2012, 49, 13–21. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Teatime4 Science. Available online: http://www.teatime4science.org/ (accessed on 30 March 2021).
- Mori, T.; Aoyagi, R.; Taga, H.; Sakai, Y. Effects of water content and mesh size on tea bag decomposition. Ecologies 2021, 2, 175–186. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Berg, B. Nutrient release from litter and humus in coniferous forest soils—A mini review. Scand. J. For. Res. 1986, 1, 359–369. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fog, K. The effect of added nitrogen on the rate of decomposition of organic matter. Biol. Rev. 1988, 63, 433–462. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Craine, J.M.; Morrow, C.; Fierer, N. Microbial nitrogen limitation increases decomposition. Ecology 2007, 88, 2105–2113. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Berg, B.; Matzner, E. Effect of N deposition on decomposition of plant litter and soil organic matter in forest systems. Environ. Rev. 1997, 5, 1–25. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bonner, M.T.; Castro, D.; Schneider, A.N.; Sundström, G.; Hurry, V.; Street, N.R.; Näsholm, T. Why does nitrogen addition to forest soils inhibit decomposition? Soil Biol. Biochem. 2019, 137, 107570. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ramirez, K.S.; Craine, J.; Fierer, N. Consistent effects of nitrogen amendments on soil microbial communities and processes across biomes. Glob. Chang. Biol. 2012, 18, 1918–1927. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yue, K.; Peng, C.; Yang, W.; Peng, Y.; Zhang, C.; Huang, C.; Wu, F. Degradation of lignin and cellulose during foliar litter decomposition in an alpine forest river. Ecosphere 2016, 7, e01523. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Harmon, M.; Franklin, J.; Swanson, F.; Sollins, P.; Gregory, S.; Lattin, J.; Anderson, N.; Cline, S.; Aumen, N.; Sedell, J.; et al. Ecology of coarse woody debris in temperate ecosystems. Adv. Ecol. Res. 2004, 15, 59–234. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2021 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Mori, T. Tea Bags—Standard Materials for Testing Impacts of Nitrogen Addition on Litter Decomposition in Aquatic Ecosystems? Nitrogen 2021, 2, 259-267. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nitrogen2020017
Mori T. Tea Bags—Standard Materials for Testing Impacts of Nitrogen Addition on Litter Decomposition in Aquatic Ecosystems? Nitrogen. 2021; 2(2):259-267. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nitrogen2020017
Chicago/Turabian StyleMori, Taiki. 2021. "Tea Bags—Standard Materials for Testing Impacts of Nitrogen Addition on Litter Decomposition in Aquatic Ecosystems?" Nitrogen 2, no. 2: 259-267. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nitrogen2020017