Distribution of Phosphorus Forms Depends on Compost Source Material
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Method
2.1. Preparations of Composts
2.2. Chemical Analysis
2.3. Determination of P Forms
- NH4Cl-RP—“Labile P”, immediately available P, which is loosely bound;
- BD-RP P—“Fe-P”, bound to reducible metals (Fe, Mn);
- NaOH-RP—“Al-P”, phosphates absorbed to metals (Al, MxOy);
- NaOH-NRP—“Org-P”, bound to organic material and colloids, determined as difference between soluble reactive P and total P in NaOH extract; and
- HCl-RP—“Ca-P”, bound to calcium (Ca).
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment Name | Source of Waste | Amendments | Active Composting Time (d) |
---|---|---|---|
FW1 | Fish waste (80%) | Un-shredded straw (20%) | 185 |
FW2 | Fish waste (57%) | Shredded straw (43%), | 70 |
FW3 | Fish waste (22%) | Shredded straw (22%), peat (22%), inoculum from mature HM (21%) and FW1 compost (13%) | 50 |
HM | Horse manure (60%) | Straw (40%) | 90 |
GW | Green waste (100%) | None | >180 |
SS | Sewage sludge (90%) | Un-shredded straw (10%) | 120 |
Treatment | N | C | C/N | K | Ca | Mg | Dry Matter | Loss of Ignition | Stability |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(%) | (mg/100g) | (%) | (mg O2/g) | ||||||
FW1 | 2.43 | 30.22 | 12.44 | 790.51 | 4471.04 | 703.31 | 53.80 | 75.40 | 3.00 |
FW2 | 2.75 | 33.04 | 12.01 | 1329.22 | 4625.55 | 664.00 | 47.94 | 85.78 | 11.20 |
FW3 | 2.73 | 35.66 | 13.06 | 1675.63 | 3166.32 | 680.48 | 34.79 | 87.05 | 10.40 |
HM | 2.47 | 30.99 | 12.55 | 2550.90 | 2986.40 | 649.17 | 37.83 | 79.67 | 3.20 |
GW | 0.60 | 13.35 | 22.25 | 552.08 | 6681.84 | 223.96 | 41.78 | 65.46 | 0.90 |
SS | 3.74 | 27.02 | 7.22 | 551.81 | 1169.69 | 517.71 | 44.16 | 61.34 | 6.70 |
Compost | Labile-P | Fe-P | Ca-P | Al-P | Org-P | SumP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FW1 | 7.53 | 0.90 | 3.76 | 0.16 | 0.34 | 12.70 |
FW2 | 7.75 | 0.83 | 4.27 | 0.14 | 0.54 | 13.53 |
FW3 | 6.90 | 0.55 | 2.26 | 0.10 | 0.59 | 10.40 |
HM | 5.55 | 0.09 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 0.54 | 6.36 |
GW | 0.60 | 0.35 | 1.57 | 0.07 | 0.14 | 2.73 |
SS | 0.92 | 11.03 | 0.74 | 3.00 | 0.59 | 16.27 |
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Lanno, M.; Kriipsalu, M.; Shanskiy, M.; Silm, M.; Kisand, A. Distribution of Phosphorus Forms Depends on Compost Source Material. Resources 2021, 10, 102. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/resources10100102
Lanno M, Kriipsalu M, Shanskiy M, Silm M, Kisand A. Distribution of Phosphorus Forms Depends on Compost Source Material. Resources. 2021; 10(10):102. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/resources10100102
Chicago/Turabian StyleLanno, Marge, Mait Kriipsalu, Merrit Shanskiy, Maidu Silm, and Anu Kisand. 2021. "Distribution of Phosphorus Forms Depends on Compost Source Material" Resources 10, no. 10: 102. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/resources10100102